HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE
HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE

Interdisciplinární časopis se zaměřuje především ze sociologického, politologického a historického hlediska na problematiku dlouhodobých sociálních procesů a trendů, modernizace, globalizačních tendencí a vlivů. Časopis vytváří širší platformu pro badatele v historických sociálních vědách. Epistemologické pole časopisu není striktně ohraničené a počítá s přesahy do civilizacionistiky, kulturní sociologie a dalších spřízněných oblastí.

Časopis vydává nakladatelství Univerzity Karlovy v Praze Karolinum ve spolupráci s Fakultou humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy v Praze.

Historická sociologie je vědecký časopis s otevřeným přístupem, což znamená, že veškerý obsah je volně k dispozici bez poplatku pro uživatele nebo instituci. Uživatelé mohou číst, stahovat, kopírovat, distribuovat, tisknout, vyhledávat nebo odkazovat na plné texty článků v tomto časopise, aniž by potřebovali předchozí povolení od vydavatele nebo autora.

Recenzovaný vědecký časopis vychází dvakrát ročně, v červnu a v prosinci.

Časopis je abstraktován a indexován v CEEOL, CEJSH, DOAJ, EBSCO, Emerging Sources Citation Index, ERIH PLUS, OAJI, recensio.net, Scopus, SSOAR, Ulrichsweb.

Dlouhodobou archivaci elektronického obsahu časopisu zajišťuje Portico.

HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE, Vol 7 No 1 (2015), 95–114

Historický vývoj konceptů fámy a „veřejného mínění“

[The Historical Development of Concepts of Rumour and “Public Opinion”]

Kateřina Soukalová

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2015.6
zveřejněno: 18. 06. 2016

Abstract

This article deals with the relationship between public opinion and rumour from ancient times, through the Middle Ages and right up to today. It willexamine the terms which were used and which often depended not just on aparticular author but usually an entire social class. The most often used terms to describe opinion, fama and existimatio, occurred in the speeches of politicians which were presented as the valuable opinions of the elite whereas the concepts opinio, rumor or sermo were considered as low value and unreliable opinions of plebeians to whom the ruling classes attributed the spreading and creation of rumours. The concept of fama, more often fama publica, indicated in the Middle Ages a local network of knowledge, a mechanism for the collective evaluation of an individual. In this sense it played an important role in the courts of law. The issue of rumours is common to all subesequent historical periods because public opinion usually both generated, and was supported, by rumour. The article also puts forward a hypothesis why the all-powerful fama dissapeared from the courtrooms, why it lost its significance and became purely a rumour.

klíčová slova: opinion; rumour; communication; reputation; community; law of Middle Ages

reference (50)

1. Akehurst, F. R. P. [2003]. Good Name, Reputation, and Notoriety in French Customary Law. In. Fenster, Thelma – Smail, Daniel Lord. Fama. The Politics of Talk and Reputation in Medieval Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, s. 75–94.

2. Bardsley, Sandy [2003]. Sin, Speech, and Scolding in Late Medieval England. In. Fenster, Thelma – Smail, Daniel Lord. Fama. The Politics of Talk and Reputation in Medieval Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, s. 145–164.

3. Bettini, Maurizio [2006]. Mythos/Fabula: Authoritative and Discredited Speech. History of Religions 45 (3): 195–212. CrossRef

4. Bettoni, Antonella [2010]. Fama, shame punishment and metamorphoses in criminal justice. [online]. Dostupné z: <http://www.researchgate.net/publication/44024774_Fama_shame_punishment_and_metamor- phoses_in_criminal_justice_(Fourteenth-Seventeenth_centuries)> [cit. 23. ledna 2014].

5. Botelho, Keith [2009]. Renaissance Earwitnesses. Rumour and Early Modern Masculinity. Palgrave Macmilian. CrossRef

6. Bowman, Jeffrey [2003]. Infamy and Proof in Medieval Spain. In. Fenster, Thelma – Smail, Daniel Lord. Fama. The Politics of Talk and Reputation in Medieval Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, s. 95–117.

7. Capp, Bernard [2003]. When Gossips Meet: Women, Family, and Neighbourhood in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

8. Craun, Edwin [1997]. Lies, Slander, and Obscenity in Medieval English Literature: Pastoral Rhetoric and the Deviant Speaker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRef

9. Cressy, David [2010]. Dangerous Talk. Scandalous, Seditious, and Treasonable Speech in Pre-Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossRef

10. Donahue, Charles [2008]. Law, Marriage, and Society in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRef

11. Dülmen, Richard [2003]. Bezectní lidé. O katech, děvkách a mlynářích. Praha: Dokořán.

12. Edwards, Catharine [1993]. The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRef

13. Evans, Gillian [2002]. Law and Theology in the Middle Ages. London, New York: Routledge.

14. Fenster, Thelma – Smail, Daniel Lord [2003]. Fama. The Politics of Talk and Reputation in Medieval Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

15. Fox, Adam [2000]. Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

16. Geertz, Clifford [1983]. Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective. In. Local Knowledge. Basic Books, s. 167–234.

17. Greenidge, A. H. J. [1894]. Infamia. Its Place in Roman Public and Private Law. London: Henry Frowde.

18. Gurevič, Aron [1978]. Kategorie středověké kultury. Praha: Mladá fronta.

19. Habinek, Thomas [1998]. The Politics of Latin Literature. Writing, Identity, and Empire in Ancient Rome. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

20. Helmholz, Richard [2001]. Ius Commune in England: Four Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

21. Justiniánské instituce [2010]. Praha: Karolinum.

22. Kamensky, Jane [1999]. Governing the Tongue. The Politics of Speech in Early New England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

23. Kapferer, Jean-Noël [1992]. Fáma nejstarší médium světa. Praha: Práce.

24. Kincl, Jaromír – Urfus, Valentin [1990]. Římské právo. Praha: Panorama.

25. Livingston, John [1962]. Infamia in the Decretists. From Rufinus to Johannes Teutonicus. University of Wisconsin.

26. Machiavelli, Niccolò. [1986]. Rozpravy o prvních deseti knihách Tita Livia. In. Úvahy o vládnutí a vojenství. Praha: Naše vojsko, s. 166–355.

27. Menache, Sophia [1991] The vox dei: communication in the middle ages. New York: Oxford University Press.

28. Michal, Jaroslav [1967]. Dějiny k pramenům poznání kanonického práva. Praha: Římskokatolická Cyrilometodějská bohoslovecká fakulta.

29. Mirror of the Saxons (Sachsenspiegel) [online]. Dostupné z: <http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11620/#q=sachsen- spiegel&qla=en> [cit. 27. ledna 2014].

30. Mucciarelli, Roberta [2013]. Neighbourhood, Rumors, and Fama: A Piece of Judiciary History from Thirteenth-Century Prato. In. Israels, M. – Waldman, L. Renaissance Studies in Honor of Joseph Connors. Florence: The Harvard Center of Italian Renaissance Studies, s. 199–207.

31. Neubauer, Hans-Joachim [1999]. The Rumour: A Cultural History. London, New York: Free Association Books.

32. Noelle-Neumann, Elizabeth [1993]. The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion – our Social Skin. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.

33. O'Neill, Peter [2003]. Going Round in Circles: Popular Speech in Ancient Rome. Classical Antiquity 22 (1): 135–176. CrossRef

34. Pease, Arthur (ed.) [1955]. M. Tulli Ciceronis. De Natura Deorum. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

35. Phillips, Susan [2007]. Transforming Talk. Problem with Gossip in Late Medieval England. Pennsylvania State University Press.

36. Pina Polo, Francisco [2010]. Frigidus Rumor: The Creation of a (Negative) Public Image in Rome. In. Turner, Andrew – Chong-Gossard, K. O. – Vervaet, Frederik (eds.). Private and Public Lies. The Discourse of Despotism and Deceit in the Graeco-Roman World. Boston, London: Brill, s. 75–90.

37. Potter, D. S. [1999]. Political Theory in the "Senatus Consultum Pisonianum". The Americal Journal of Philology 10 (1): 65–88. CrossRef

38. Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius [1985]. Základy rétoriky. Praha: Odeon.

39. Rosnow, Ralph – Fine, Gary Alan [1976]. Rumor and Gossip: The Social Psychology of Hearsay. New York: Elsevier.

40. ze Sevilly, Isidor [2003]. Etymologiae V. Praha: Oikúmené.

41. Shapiro, Barbara [1991]. Beyond Reasonable Doubt and Propable Cause. Historical Perspectives on the Anglo-American Law of Evidence. Berkeley: University of California Press.

42. Shibutani, Tamotsu [1966]. Improvised News: A Sociological Study of Rumor. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrril.

43. The Visigothic code (Forum judicum) [online]. Dostupné z: <http://libro.uca.edu/vcode/visigoths.htm> [cit. 24. ledna 2014].

44. Vallerani, Massimo [2012]. Medieval Public Justice. Washington: Catholic University of American Press. CrossRef

45. Vaněček, Václav [1970]. Dějiny státu a práva v Československu do roku 1945. Praha: Orbis.

46. Vaněček, Václav [1976]. Dějiny státu a práva v Československu do roku 1945. Praha: Orbis.

47. Vivo, Filippo de [2009]. Information and Communication in Venice: Rethinking Early Modern Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

48. Wickham, Chris [1998]. Gossip and Resistance among the Medieval Peasantry. Past & Present (160): 3–24. CrossRef

49. Wickham, Chris [2003]. Fama and the Law in Twelfth-Century Tuscany. In Fenster, Thelma – Smail, Daniel Lord. Fama. The Politics of Talk and Reputation in Medieval Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, s. 15–26.

50. Yavetz, Zvi [1974]. Existimatio, Fama and the Ides of March. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology (78): 35–65. CrossRef

Creative Commons License
Historický vývoj konceptů fámy a „veřejného mínění“ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

230 x 157 mm
vychází: 2 x ročně
cena tištěného čísla: 120 Kč
ISSN: 1804-0616
E-ISSN: 2336-3525

Ke stažení