Acta Universitatis Carolinae Kinanthropologica (AUC Kinanthropologica) is an international peer reviewed journal for the publication of research outcomes in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences, as applied to kinathropology. It is a multidisciplinary journal accepting only original unpublished articles in English in the various sub-disciplines and related fields of kinanthropology, such as Anthropology, Anthropomotorics, Sports Pedagogy, Sociology of Sport, Philosophy of Sport, History of Sport, Physiology of Sport And Exercise, Physical Education, Applied Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Human Biomechanics, Psychology of Sport, Sports Training and Coaching, Sport Management, etc. The journal also welcomes interdisciplinary articles. The journal also includes reports of relevant activities and reviews of relevant publications.
The journal is abstracted and indexed by CNKI, DOAJ, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, SPOLIT, SPORTDiscus, and Ulrichsweb.
AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA, Vol 58 No 1 (2022), 39–49
Classification changes in para swimming and their impact on the Czech Para Swimming Team
Vít Šašek, Klára Daďová, David Půlpán
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2022.3
zveřejněno: 01. 07. 2022
Abstract
This aim of this article is to describe up-to-date polices and main classification issues in Paralympic sport with focus on Paralympic swimming. Using narrative review, it determines the influence of recent classification changes by reviewing available research data on how the classification system works and what direction it has taken after January 2018 when the new Classification Manual for swimming was published. It analyzes those changes in Czech Para Swimming Team during 4-year-period leading up to Tokyo Paralympic Games 2020 including 3 major swimming competetions and Paralympic Games itself. The results show the changes directly influenced the performance of Czech para swimmers in mentioned major competetions in a positive way. Czech Para Swimming Team added two more medals and gained more spots for both men and women for Tokyo Paralympic Games 2020 effectively extending relatively small Czech Paralympic Team in Tokyo.
klíčová slova: disability sport; impairment; Tokyo 2020; Paralympic games
reference (33)
1. Beckman, E., Connick, M. and Tweedy, S. (2017). Assessing muscle strength for the purpose of classification in Paralympic sport: A review and recommendations. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(4), 391-396. CrossRef PubMed
2. Burkett, B., Payton, C., Van de Vliet, P., Jarvis, H., Daly, D., Mehrkuehler, C., Kilian, M. and Hogarth, L. (2018). Performance Characteristics of Para Swimmers. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 29(2), 333-346. CrossRef PubMed
3. Dingley, A., Pyne, D. and Burkett, B. (2014). Dry-land Bilateral Hand-force Production and Swimming Performance in Paralympic Swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(11), 949-953. CrossRef PubMed
4. Dingley, A., Pyne, D. and Burkett, B. (2015). Relationships Between Propulsion and Anthropometry in Paralympic Swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(8), 978-985. CrossRef PubMed
5. Dos Santos, K., Bento, P., Payton, C. and Rodacki, A. (2021). Kinematic Variables of Disabled Swimmers and Their Correlation With the International Paralympic Committee Classification. Motor Control, 1-12. CrossRef PubMed
6. Feitosa, W., Correia, R., Barbosa, T. and Castro, F. (2019). Performance of disabled swimmers in protocols or tests and competitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Biomechanics, 1-23. CrossRef PubMed
7. Hogarth, L., Payton, C., Nicholson, V., Spathis, J., Tweedy, S., Connick, M., Beckman, E., Van de Vliet, P. and Burkett, B. (2019). Classifying motor coordination impairment in Para swimmers with brain injury. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(5), 526-531. CrossRef PubMed
8. Hogarth, L., Nicholson, V., Spathis, J., Tweedy, S., Beckman, E., Connick, M., Van de Vliet, P., Payton, C. and Burkett, B. (2018). A battery of strength tests for evidence-based classification in Para swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(4), 404-413. CrossRef PubMed
9. Hogarth, L., Burkett, B., Van de Vliet, P., Payton, C. (2020). Maximal Fully Tethered Swim Performance in Para Swimmers With Physical Impairment. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform., 15(6), 816-824. CrossRef PubMed
10. Hogarth, L., Nicholson, V., Payton, C., Burkett, B. (2021). Modelling the age-related trajectory of performance in Para swimmers with physical, vision and intellectual impairment. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 31(4), 925-935. CrossRef PubMed
11. Hutchinson, M. J., Phillips, J. K., Mason, B. S., Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L., Beckman, E. M. (2021). Measures of impairment applicable to the classification of Paralympic athletes competing in wheelchair sports: A systematic review of validity, reliability and associations with performance. J. Sports Sci., 39(1), 40-61. CrossRef PubMed
12. International Paralympic Committee (2021a). International Standard for Athlete Evaluation. [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2021-09-20]. Dostupné z WWW: https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/161007092547338_Sec+ii+chapter+1_3_2_subchapter+2_International+Standard+for+Athlete+Evaluation.pdf.
13. International Paralympic Committee (2021b). International Standard for Eligible Impairments. [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2021-09-20]. Dostupné z WWW: https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/161007092455456_Sec+ii+chapter+1_3_2_subchapter+1_International+Standard+for+Eligible+Impairments.pdf.
14. Jaeken, D. (2020). Classification in the Paralympics: the relationship between impairment and participation. Dev. Med. & Child. Neurol., 62(7), 769. CrossRef PubMed
15. Maia, A. C., Hogarth, L., Burkett, B., Payton, C. (2021). Improving the objectivity of the current World Para Swimming motor coordination test for swimmers with hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis using measures of movement smoothness, rhythm and accuracy. J. Sports Sci., 39(1), 62-72. CrossRef PubMed
16. Mills, P. B., Krassioukov, A. (2011). Autonomic function as a missing piece of the classification of paralympic athletes with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 49(7), 768-776. CrossRef PubMed
17. Oh, Y. T., Burkett, B., Osborough, C., Formosa, D., Payton, C. (2013). London 2012 Paralympic swimming: passive drag and the classification system. Br. J. Sports Med., 47(13), 838-843. CrossRef PubMed
18. Payton, C., Hogarth, L., Burkett, B., Van de Vliet, P., Lewis, S., Oh, Y. T. (2020). Active Drag as a Criterion for Evidence-based Classification in Para Swimming. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 52(7), 1576-1584. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
19. Reina, R. (2014). Evidence-based Classification in Paralympic Sport: Application to Football-7-a-side. European Journal of Human Movement, 32(1), 161-185. PubMed Central
20. Smith, R., Connick, M., Beckman, E., Hogarth, L., Nicholson, V. (2021). Establishing the reliability of instrumented trunk impairment assessment methods to enable evidence-based classification in Para swimming. J. Sports Sci., 39(1), 73-80. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
21. Squair, J. W., Phillips, A. A., Currie, K. D., Gee, C., Krassioukov, A. V. (2018). Autonomic testing for prediction of competition performance in Paralympic athletes. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 28(1), 311-318. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
22. Štefák, J. (2017). Classification II [presentation]. Classification seminar - level A, Beijing 23.8.2017. PubMed Central
23. Tweedy, S. M. & Vanlandewijck, Y. C. (2011). International Paralympic Committee Position Stand - Background nad Scientific Principles of Classification in Paralympic Sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(4), 259-269. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
24. Tweedy, S. M., Beckman, E. M., Connick, M. J. (2014). Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods and Research Update. PM & R: The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation, 6(8), 11-17. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
25. Tweedy, S. M., Connick, M. J., Beckman, E. M. (2018). Applying Scientific Principles to Enhance Paralympic Classification Now and in the Future: A Research Primer for Rehabilitation Specialists. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am., 29(2), 313-332. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
26. Ungerer, G. (2018). Classification in para sport for athletes following cervical spine trauma. Handb. Clin. Neurol., 158, 371-377. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
27. Vanlandewijck, Y. C., Verellen, J., Beckman, E., Connick, M., Tweedy, S. M. (2011). Trunk Strength Effect on Track Wheelchair Start: Implications for Classification. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(12), 2344-2351. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
28. World Para Swimming (2018a). Dublin 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships - Entries v.4 [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2022-03-10]. Dostupné z https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/180806150506295_2018_08_06_Entries%2Bfor%2BWebsite.pdf. PubMed Central
29. World Para Swimming (2018b). Dublin 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships Official Results Book [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2022-03-10]. Dostupné z https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/180822151108163_RESULT%2BBOOK%2BWPS_%2BDUBLIN%2B2018_1.pdf. PubMed Central
30. World Para Swimming (2018c). World Para Swimming Classification Rules and Regulations: January 2018 [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2021-09-20]. Dostupné z WWW: https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/171220150814237_2017_12%2BWorld%2BPara%2BSwimming_Classification%2BRules%2Band%2BRegulations_FINAL.pdf. PubMed Central
31. World Para Swimming (2019). London 2019 World Para Swimming World Championships Official Results Book v.2 [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2022-03-10]. Dostupné z https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/Results%20book%20-%20London%202019_v2.pdf. PubMed Central
32. World Para Swimming (2020a). Calculation of Swimming Slots for Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2021-09-20]. Dostupné z WWW: https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/3_3_2020_FINAL_SLOTS.pdf. PubMed Central
33. World Para Swimming (2020b). World Para Swimming Rankings Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games [online]. In Paralympic.org. [cit. 2021-09-20]. Dostupné z WWW: https://db.ipc-services.org/sdms/web/ranking/sw/pdf/type/MQS/list/626/category/LC. PubMed Central
Classification changes in para swimming and their impact on the Czech Para Swimming Team is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
157 x 230 mm
vychází: 2 x ročně
cena tištěného čísla: 190 Kč
ISSN: 1212-1428
E-ISSN: 2336-6052
