Finanční hospodaření VHJ a podniků a jeho právní úprava

The financial economy of state economic organisations represents an important part of the planned control system of the national economy. Its object in compliance with the leading function of the state budget and with the tasks of the other financial plans is to influence in a qualitative way the results of the economic activities of the manufacturing economic units (M.E.U.) and enterprises. Financial economy is understood as the total of activities connected with the production, distribution and application of funds, through which it is to a decisive extent realised. At the same time emphasis is laid on maximum production of the funds at minimum cost on the one hand and on their expedient and effective application on the other. The skeleton ruling on the financial economy of state economic organisations is at present enacted in the Economic Code, Sections 5, 6 and 56 to 59. Detail regulations are contained in the Decree No. 161/1980 Coll, of the Government of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on the financial economy of the M.E.U. and enterprises and in other regulations connected therewith. The ruling on the financial economy of the M.E.U. and enterprises took up the positive experience made in the past and applied to the 8th Five Year Plan were the following basic adjustments: Being strengthened further is the “khozraschot” character of the financing system with the emphasis on the financial resources of the M.E.U. and enterprises, primarily on profit. This is shown by the concept of production and application of the balance sheet profit conceived as the only economic result and by the order of application of the M.E.U. and enterprise profit stressing the priority of requirements financing. Adjusted was the system of M.E.U. and enterprise funds, mainly by the creation of a unified investment fund in connection with readjustments in the field of financing fixed assets reproduction, with changes in the production and application of the technical development fund in relation to the adjustment of the scientific and technical development financing and with the wider possibility of the application of the M.E.U. reserve fund and extended limit of the maximum balance of the funds, whereby the possibility is provided for the fund to operate as a true M.E.U. financial reserve. Room is now left for a wide differentiation of the extent of centralisation of financial relations at M.E.U. level in dependence on the conditions of various M.E.U. and above all in dependence on the organisation (centralisation) of the material management functions at M.E.U. and enterprise level. In respect of financing the principle is to apply that even enterprises within their M.E.U. should produce funds (finance their requirements) from their own financial resources wherever there are no weighty grounds for centralised decision-making and consequently financing at M.E.U. level.