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PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE, Vol 56 No 2 (2026), 33–47
ArticleK vplyvu provinčných práv a východorímskych právnických škôl na zavedenie pojmu dos adventicia do justiniánskej kodifikácie
[On the Influence of Provincial Laws and Eastern Roman Law Schools on the Introduction of the Concept of dos adventicia into Justinian’s Codification]
Róbert Brtko
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689X.2026.551
published online: 06. 10. 2026
abstract
The article examines the origin and legal significance of the concept of dos adventicia in Roman law. Although Justinianic sources and post-classical legal texts distinguish between dos profecticia and dos adventicia, the article proceeds from the thesis that this distinction was not originally formulated by classical Roman jurists. On the basis of an analysis of Ulpian’s fragment D. 23, 3, 5, the relevant scholia to the Basilica, the post-classical Regulae Ulpiani, and imperial constitutions preserved in Justinian’s Code, it is shown that classical law primarily operated with the category of dos profecticia, whereas other forms of dowry were defined only negatively, that is, as dowry not originating from the father of the family or from his property. Particular attention is paid to the interpolated passages in D. 23, 3, 5, 9 and D. 23, 3, 5, 11, as well as to the rescript of Emperor Gordian III preserved in C. I. 6, 20, 4. The article further examines the influence of provincial legal traditions, Hellenistic legal culture, and the pedagogical activity of Eastern Roman law schools, especially those in Berytus and Constantinople, on the terminology and systematics of the legal regulation of dowry. It concludes that dos adventicia should be understood not as an authentic classical concept, but rather as a product of post-classical legal development that was later incorporated into Justinian’s codification.
keywords: dowry; dos adventicia; marriage; post-classical Roman law; interpolations; Eastern Roman law schools
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