Actual Problems of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Mountainous Regions of the Kyrgyz Republic

The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence of osteoporosis in mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan, with special emphasis on the study of the influence of altitude on the incidence rate, as well as the identification of factors contributing to its development. For statistical analysis, aimed at assessing the relationship between altitude and the incidence of the disease, the Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. The survey reviewed data from five studies covering regions from altitudes ranging from 779 to 2,420 m above sea level. The incidence varied by region, gender and age group. The results showed no significant association between altitude and incidence of osteoporosis, but a trend towards lower prevalence was observed in high altitude areas, probably due to climatic conditions, physical activity and lifestyle. In addition to altitude, the study looked at other potential factors influencing the development of osteoporosis, including air pollution (PM2.5, NO2, NOX), vitamin D levels and calcium intake. The results of the analysis of osteopenia showed that its incidence and frequency varied depending on age groups and region. In particular, in mountainous areas of Kyrgyzstan, there was a higher prevalence of osteopenia among older people, with the highest rates in urban and foothill regions. The practical significance lies in developing recommendations for osteoporosis prevention in mountainous Kyrgyzstan, improving diagnosis, treatment accessibility, and raising awareness of risk factors.