Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis

Background: To evaluate the presence of endothelial dysfunction in Slovak children with juvenile psoriatic arthritis in the absence of classic cardiovascular risk factors in order to assess its relationship to the disease activity and disability. Methods: 25 juvenile psoriatic arthritis patients (JPSA) and 25 healthy controls aged 6–19 years were enrolled into this study. In all subjects vascular measurements over a period of three years (January 2013 – January 2016) were performed, in accordance with the guidelines for ultrasonographic evaluation of FMD% (flow-mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation) of the brachial artery. The measured items were compared to the variables reflecting the disease activity and disability. Results: Significantly lower FMD% values in patients with JPSA when compared to healthy controls {mean(SD), median, range: 5.49% (3.77), 3.55, 0.3–13.0 vs. 9.28% (1.72), 9.3, 6.4–13.1} (p < 0.001) have been documented. Strong correlations between FMD% values and disease duration (p < 0.01), non-specific inflammatory markers levels (p < 0.001) or functional disability (p < 0.01) have been observed. Significantly lower FMD% values in patients with an early disease onset (JPSA onset < 5 years of age) when compared to the rest of JPSA group {mean (SD), median, range: 4.39% (2.47), 4.45, 0.9–13.2 vs. 6.38% (1.42), 6.3, 3.2–12.1} (p < 0.01) have also been detected. Conclusion: Study is the only one addressing endothelial dysfunction development in Slovak children with psoriatic arthritides. We state that endothelial dysfunction is present in these patients even during childhood and in the absence of classic cardiovascular risk factors. Its development seems to be related to an early disease onset as well as to the increased disease activity and disability. Potential genetic predictors have also been identified.