S100A4 Protein in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of a Single Centre Prospective Study

Introduction: The aim of our study was to assess association of serum S100A4 protein with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods: Study included 118 subjects: 93 patients with CD, 16 with UC and 9 controls. In CD group, 20/93 patients had B1 phenotype, 19/93 B2, 20/93 B3 and 34/93 B2 + B3. L1 involvement was present in 15/93, L2 in 14/93 and L3 in 64/93 patients. Serum S100A4 concentration was investigated in peripheral venous blood samples by means of ELISA. Results: Serum S100A4 was significantly higher in UC (158.6 ± 56.2 ng/mL), p = 0.019 and in CD (154.4 ± 52.1 ng/mL), p = 0.007 compared to controls (104.8 ± 40.5 ng/mL). No difference in S100A4 was revealed between UC and CD, p > 0.05. Serum S100A4 in each CD subgroup (according to behaviour) was significantly higher compared to controls, p < 0.05. Serum S100A4 was significantly higher in L2 (144.6 ± 44.2 ng/mL), p = 0.041 and in L3 (163.0 ± 52.8 ng/mL), p = 0.002 compared to controls and in L3 compared to L1 (126.9 ± 47.6 ng/mL), p = 0.017. Conclusion: Association of serum S100A4 protein with UC and CD was confirmed. In CD, disease behaviour did not influence serum concentration of S100A4 protein. In CD, higher levels of serum S100A4 were observed in patients with ileo-colonic and colonic involvement compared to those with isolated small bowel involvement.