Právněhistorické studie / Legal History Studies (Charles University journal; below referred to as PHS or Journal) is a scientific journal listed in the international prestigious database SCOPUS. The journal is published by Charles University in Prague under the guarantee of the Department of Legal History of the Faculty of Law of Charles University. It is published by the Karolinum Press. The journal focuses on the field of legal history and related topics.
Issue 1 of the Journal was published by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Publishing in June 1955. The Journal was initially published by the Cabinet of Legal History of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science (CSAV), later by the Institute of State and Law (CSAV) and then by the Institute of Legal History of the Faculty of Law of Charles University.
PHS is issued three times a year in April, August, and December and it presents original scientific works/papers as well as reviews, annotations and news from the scientific field of legal history. It also introduces annotated texts of a legal history nature. PHS accepts manuscripts from domestic as well as foreign authors. Manuscripts submitted by foreign authors are published in original language, namely in English, Slovak, German, French, Italian or Polish.
PHS (ISSN 0079-4929) is registered in the Czech national ISSN centre (supervised by the State Technical Library). The Journal is registered by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic according to Act No. 46/2000 Sb., on Rights and Liabilities for the Publishing of Periodicals and Change of Some Acts (Press Act), and it is allocated with registration number of periodical press MK E 18813.
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PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE, Vol 52 No 2 (2022), 25–35
Od sestry k nuzné vdově. Změny postavení manželky v římském dědickém právu
[From Sister to Needy Widow Changes in the Position of the Wife in Roman Inheritance Law]
Petr Dostalík
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689X.2022.17
published online: 15. 09. 2022
abstract
This paper deals with the position of wife in the Roman law of succession from the earliest period (as far as the Law of the Twelve Tables) to the changes of the law of intestate succession made by emperor Justinian. This paper follows changes in the position of a wife in case of the death of the husband. This position was determined by type of marriage (strict or free form of the marriage) and was deeply influenced by the reform of the law of succession made by praetor. Even in the praetorian law, the position of the wife and her possibility to obtain some substantial part of the deceased husband’s property was limited and nothing had changed also after the codification of Corpus Iuris Civilis. In order to defend the natural (and justified) needs of widow, emperor Justinian introduced a special provision for so-called needy widow (and temporarily even for the needy widower). The paper examines very closely those provisions and states that the protection of the needy widow can be marked as one the basic values of the Roman law of succession.
keywords: Roman law of succession; protection of needy widow; Corpus Iuris Civilis; intestate succession; novels of Justinian
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