Právněhistorické studie / Legal History Studies (Charles University journal; below referred to as PHS or Journal) is a scientific journal listed in the international prestigious database SCOPUS. The journal is published by Charles University in Prague under the guarantee of the Department of Legal History of the Faculty of Law of Charles University. It is published by the Karolinum Press. The journal focuses on the field of legal history and related topics.
Issue 1 of the Journal was published by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Publishing in June 1955. The Journal was initially published by the Cabinet of Legal History of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science (CSAV), later by the Institute of State and Law (CSAV) and then by the Institute of Legal History of the Faculty of Law of Charles University.
PHS is issued three times a year in April, August, and December and it presents original scientific works/papers as well as reviews, annotations and news from the scientific field of legal history. It also introduces annotated texts of a legal history nature. PHS accepts manuscripts from domestic as well as foreign authors. Manuscripts submitted by foreign authors are published in original language, namely in English, Slovak, German, French, Italian or Polish.
PHS (ISSN 0079-4929) is registered in the Czech national ISSN centre (supervised by the State Technical Library). The Journal is registered by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic according to Act No. 46/2000 Sb., on Rights and Liabilities for the Publishing of Periodicals and Change of Some Acts (Press Act), and it is allocated with registration number of periodical press MK E 18813.
PHS is an open journal and ensures open access to scientific data (Open Access). The entire content is released as open to the public on the web pages of the journal.
The journal is archived in Portico.
PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE, Vol 52 No 2 (2022), 11–23
Legal Protection Granted to Soldiers’ Partners in the Military Diplomas
Lyuba Radulova
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689X.2022.16
published online: 15. 09. 2022
abstract
The paper examines the formulas granting conubium in the military diplomas, focusing on the problem of soldiers’ relationships with women before and after their discharge. Keeping in mind the fact that between Augustus and Septimius Severus a marriage ban was imposed on soldiers in service, the study offers a reconstruction of the way in which soldiers’ de facto unions were viewed by the authorities and analyzes the legal protection against abandonment granted to soldiers’ partners by the imperial constitutions.
keywords: military diplomas; marriage ban; soldiers; wives; conubium; matrimonium iustum et iniustum
references (78)
1. ALLASON-JONES, L. Women in Roman Britain. London: British Museum Publications, 1989. CrossRef
2. ALSTON, R. Roman Military Pay from Caesar to Diocletian. Journal of Roman Studies, 1994, 84, pp. 112-123. CrossRef
3. ARNAUD-LINDET, M.-P. Remarques sur l'octroi de la civitas et du conubium dans des diplômes militaires. Revue des Études Latines, 1977, 55, pp. 282-312.
4. BEHRENDS, O. Die Rechtsregelungen der Militärdiplome und das die Soldaten des Prinzipats treffende Eheverbot. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 116-166.
5. BERGER, A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law. (Transaction of the American Philological Association). Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1953. CrossRef
6. CAMPBELL, J. B. The Emperor and the Roman Army. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984, pp. 439-442.
7. CAMPBELL, J. B. The Marriage of soldiers under the Empire. The Journal of Roman Studies, 1978, 68, pp. 153-166. CrossRef
8. CAMPBELL, B. The Roman Army, 31BC-AD337. A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 1994. CrossRef
9. CAPOGROSSI COLOGNESI, L. Tollere liberos. Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Antiquité, 1990, 102, 1, pp. 107-127. CrossRef
10. CASTAGNINO, F. I milites e i veterani. Condizione giuridica e privilegi nell'età del Principato. Tesi di dottorato. Milano, 2019.
11. CASTELLO, C. Sul matrimonio dei soldati. Rivista italiana per le Scienze Giuridiche, 1940, 15, pp. 27-119.
12. DEGRASSI, A. Οὐετρανοὶ οἱ χωρὶς χαλκῶν. Rivista di filologia e istruzione classica, 1934, 12, pp. 194-200.
13. DUŠANIĆ, S. Pre-Severan Diplomata and the Problem of 'Special Grants'. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 190-240.
14. DUŠANIĆ, S. The issue of military diplomata under Claudius and Nero. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1982, 47, pp. 149-172.
15. ECK, W. Septimius Severus und die Soldaten. Das Problem der Soldatenehe und ein neues Auxiliardiplom. In: ONKEN, B. - ROHDE, D. (eds.). Omni historia curiosus. Studien zur Geschichte von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Festschrift für Helmuth Schneider zum 65. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011, pp. 63-77.
16. FIORI, R. La struttura del matrimonio romano. Bullettino dell'Istituto di diritto romano Vittorio Scialoja, 105, 2011, pp. 197-233.
17. FRIEDL, R. Der Konkubinat im kaiserzeitlichen Rom: Von Augustus bis Septimius Severus. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1996.
18. HERZ, P. Finances and Costs of the Roman Army. In: ERDCAMP, P. (ed.). Companion to the Roman Army. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, pp. 306-323. CrossRef
19. KRAFT, K. Zum Bürgerrecht der Soldatenkinder. Historia, 1961, 10, pp. 120-126.
20. KRAFT, K. Zur Rekrutierung der Alen und Kohorten an Rhein und Donau. Bern: Aedibus A. Francke, 1951, pp. 129-130.
21. LEONHARD, R. Conubium. In: WISSOWA, G. (ed.). Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. IV, 1. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, 1900, pp. 1170-1172.
22. LICANDRO, O. Il diritto inciso: lineamenti di epigrafia giuridica romana. Catania: Libreria Edizioni Torre, 2002.
23. LIEB, H. Die constitutiones für die stadtrömischen Truppen. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 322-346.
24. LINK, S. Konzepte der Privilegierung römischer Veteranen. (Heidelberger Althistorische Beiträge und Epigraphische Studien, 9). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1989.
25. LINK, S. Römische Militärdiplome 'für die ganze Familie'. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1986, 63, pp. 185-192.
26. LUZZATTO, G. Nota minima sul diploma militare del 306 rilasciato ad un pretoriano di origine italiana. In: AA. VV. Studi in onore di Biondo Biondi. II. Milano: Giuffré, 1965, pp. 95-110.
27. MANN, J. C. A Note on Conubium. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 187-189.
28. MANN, J. C. 'Honesta Missio' and the Brigetio Table. Hermes, 1953, 81, 4, pp. 496-500.
29. MANN, J. C. - ROXAN, M. Discharge Certificates of the Roman Army. Britannia, 1988, 19, pp. 341-347. CrossRef
30. MARQUARDT, J. De l'organisation militaires chez les Romains. Paris: E. Thorin, 1891.
31. MAXFIELD, V. Systems of Reward in Relation to Military Diplomas. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986.
32. MEYER, P. M. Das römische Konkubinat nach den Rechtsquellen und den Inschriften. Leipzig: Teubner, 1895.
33. MIRKOVIĆ, M. Die Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Verleihung des Conubium. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 167-186.
34. MISPOULET, J. B. Le mariage des soldats romains. In: MISPOULET, J. B. (ed.). Etudes d'Institutions Romaines, Paris: A. Durand et Pedone Lauriel, 1887, pp. 224-245.
35. MOMMSEN, T. Dispositiones de militibus civibus romanis. In: CIL, III, Berlin: Apud Georgium Reimerum 1873.
36. NESSELHAUF, H. Das Bürgerrecht der Soldatenkinder. Historia, 1959, 8, pp. 434-442.
37. ONIDA, P. P. Il matrimonio dei militari in età imperiale. Diritto@Storia. Rivista internazionale di Scienze Giuridiche e Tradizione Romana, 2016, 14. [online]. Available at: http://www.dirittoestoria.it/14/tradizione/OnidaMatrimonio-militari-eta-imperiale.htm.
38. PASSERINI, A. La tavola dei privilegi di Brigetio e i diplomi militari. Athenaeum, 1942, 20, pp. 121-126.
39. PESCANI, P. Osservazioni su alcune sigle ricorrenti nelle "Professiones liberorum". Aegyptus, 1961, 41, 3-4, pp. 129-140.
40. PFERDEHIRT, B. Die Rolle des Militärs für den sozialen Aufstieg in der Römische Kaiserzeit. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 2002.
41. PHANG, S. E. Military Documents, Languages, and Literacy. In: ERDCAMP, P. (ed.) Companion to the Roman Army. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, pp. 286-306. CrossRef
42. PHANG, S. E. The Marriage of Roman Soldiers (13 B.C. - A.D. 235). Law and Family in the Imperial Army, Leiden - Boston - Köln: Brill, 2001. CrossRef
43. PURPURA, G. Le dichiarazioni di nascita nell'Egitto romano. Annali del Seminario Giuridico, 2004, 49, pp. 151-163.
44. QUADRATO, R. Maris atque feminae coniunctio: matrimonium e unioni di fatto. Index, 2010, 38, pp. 223-252.
45. RADULOVA, L. La forma giuridica dei diplomi militari. Constitutiones principum e procedure. In: SLAVOVA, M. - SHARANKOV, N. Studia Classica Serdicensia 5. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2016.
46. REDDÉ, M. Mare nostrum. Rome: Ecole française de Rome, 1986.
47. RICCOBONO, S. - BAVIERA, G. et al. (eds.). Fontes iuris Romani anteiustiniani. Vol. 1. Firenze: Barbera, 1941.
48. ROXAN, M. M. Observations on the Reasons for Changes in Formula in Diplomas circa AD 140. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 265-292.
49. ROXAN, M. M. The distribution of Roman military diplomas. Epigraphische Studien, 1981, 12, pp. 265-286.
50. SADDINGTON, D. B. Classes. The Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets. In: ERDCAMP, P. (ed.). Companion to the Roman Army. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, pp. 201-219. CrossRef
51. SANDER, E. Das Recht des Römischen Soldaten. Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 1958, 101, 2, pp. 151-191.
52. SANNA, M. V. Matrimonio e altre situazioni matrimoniali nel diritto romano classico. Matrimonium iustum-Matrimonium iniustum. Napoli: Jovene editore, 2012.
53. SCIALOJA, V. Il papiro giudiziario Cattaoui e il matrimonio dei soldati romani. Bullettino dell'Istituto di diritto romano, 1895, V, 8, Roma, pp. 154-168.
54. SESTON, W. Les vétérans sans diplômes des légions romaines. Revue de Philologie, 1933, 59, pp. 375-399.
55. SHAW, B. D. Raising and Killing Children: Two Roman Myths. Mnemosyne, 2001, 54, 1, pp. 31-77. CrossRef
56. SHERWIN-WHITE, A. N. The Roman Citizenship. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
57. SCHULZ, F. Roman Registers of Births and Birth Certificates. The Journal of Roman Studies, 1942, 32, 1-2, pp. 78-91. CrossRef
58. SCHULZ, F. Roman Registers of Births and Birth Certificates. Part II. The Journal of Roman Studies, 1943, 33, 1-2, pp. 55-64. CrossRef
59. SPEIDEL, M. A. Les femmes et la bureaucratie. Quelques réflexions sur l'interdiction du mariage dans l'armée romaine. Cahiers Du Centre Gustave Glotz, 2013, 24, pp. 205-215. CrossRef
60. STARR, C. The Roman Imperial Navy: 31 B.C.-A.D. 324. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1941.
61. STARR C. G. The Roman Imperial Navy 31 B.C.-A.D. 324. Cambridge: Barnes and Noble, 1960.
62. STEINWENTER, A. Ius liberorum. In: WISSOWA, G. (ed.). Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. X. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, 1919, pp. 1281-1284.
63. TASSISTRO, P. Il matrimonio dei soldati romani. Studi e documenti di storia e diritto, 1901, 22, pp. 3-82.
64. VARON, P. The Heredes of Roman Army Soldiers. In: GROENMAN-VAN WAATERINGE, W. (ed.). Roman Frontier Studies 1995. Oxford: Oxbow, 1997, pp. 565-570.
65. VITTINGHOFF, F. Militärdiplome, römische Bürgerrechts- und Integrationspolitik der Hohen Kaiserzeit. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 535-555.
66. VOLTERRA, E. Ancora in tema di "tollere liberum". IURA, 1952, 3, pp. 216-217.
67. VOLTERRA, E. Iniustum matrimonium. In: BISCARDI, A. (ed.). Studi in onore di Gaetano Scherillo 2. Milano: Cisalpino-La Goliardica, 1972, pp. 441-470.
68. VOLTERRA, E. L'acquisto della cittadinanza romana e il matrimonio del peregrino. In: CARNELUTTI, F. Studi in onore di Enrico Redenti nel XL anno del suo insegnamento. Milano: Giuffré 1951, pp. 403-422.
69. VOLTERRA, E. La nozione giuridica del conubium. In: ARANGIO-RUIZ, V. (ed.). Studi in memoria di E. Albertario. Vol. II. Milano: Giuffrè, 1950, pp. 345-384.
70. VOLTERRA, E. Sulla condizione dei figli dei peregrini cui veniva concessa la cittadinanza romana. In: REDENTI, E. Studi in onore di Antonio Cicu. Milano: Giuffré, 1951, pp. 643-672.
71. VOLTERRA, E. Un'osservazione in tema di tollere liberos. In: Festschrift Fritz Schulz. Weimar, H. Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1951, pp. 388-398.
72. WATSON, A. The Law of Persons in the later Roman Republic. Oxford: Clarendon, 1967.
73. WATSON, G. R. The Roman Soldier. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1969.
74. WEISS, P. Zwei Diplomfragmente aus dem Pannonischen Raum. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1990, 80.
75. WILLMANS, G. Étude sur le camp et la ville de Lambése. Paris: E. Thorin, 1884.
76. WOLFF, H. J. Die Entwicklung der Veteranenprivilegien vom Beginn des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis auf Konstantin d. Gr. In: ECK, W. - WOLFF, H. (eds.). Heer und Integrationspolitik: Die römischen Militärdiplome als historische Quelle. Köln - Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1986, pp. 44-115.
77. WOLFF, H. J. The Background of the Postclassical Legislation on Illegitimacy. Seminar, 1945, 3, pp. 21-45.
78. WOLFF, H. J. Zu den Bürgerrechtsverleihungen an Kinder von Auxiliaren und Legionären. Chiron, 1974, 4, pp. 479-510.
Legal Protection Granted to Soldiers’ Partners in the Military Diplomas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
240 x 170 mm
periodicity: 3 x per year
print price: 250 czk
ISSN: 0079-4929
E-ISSN: 2464-689X