Acta Universitatis Carolinae Iuridica (AUCI) is the main journal of the Faculty of Law of Charles University. It has been published since 1954 and is one of the traditional law journals with a theoretical focus.
As a general law journal, it publishes longer studies and shorter articles on any relevant issues in legal theory and international, European and national law. AUCI also publishes material relating to current legislative issues. AUCI is a peer-reviewed journal and accepts submissions from both Czech and international authors. Contributions by foreign authors are published in their original language – Slovak, English, German, French.
AUCI is a theoretical journal for questions of state and law. It is published by Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Law, through Karolinum Press. It is published four times a year, the dates of publication can be found here.
Articles published in AUCI undergo an independent peer review process, which is anonymous on both sides. Reviewers from the field give their opinion on the scientific quality of the paper and the suitability of publication in the journal. In the case of comments, the opinion is sent back to the author with the possibility of revising the text (see Guidelines for Authors – Per Review Process for more details).
The AUCI journal (ISSN 0323-0619) is registered in the Czech National Bibliography (kept by the National Library of the Czech Republic) and in the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (kept by the American Association of Law Libraries). AUCI has been assigned a periodical registration number MK E 18585.
In 2021 the journal AUCI was the first journal of the Faculty of Law of Charles University to be included in the prestigious international database Scopus. This Elsevier database is the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature in the world. The editors of the journal expect from the inclusion in the elite Scopus database not only an increase in the readership of the journal, but also an increase in interest in the publication of papers by both Czech and foreign authors.
AUCI is an open journal and all its content is published both on the faculty website and on the Karolinum Press website. Access to it is free of charge. The homepage of AUCI is on the Karolinum Press website.
The AUCI journal uses the Creative Commons license: CC BY 4.0.
Long-term archiving of the digital content of the journal is provided by Portico.
AUC IURIDICA, Vol 69 No 4 (2023), 195–210
Přeshraniční znečištění v případu úniku kyanidu z těžebního provozu v Baia Mare: mezinárodněprávní aspekty
[Transboundary Pollution in the Case of the Cyanide Spill from the Baia Mare Mining Operation: International Legal Aspects]
Denisa Hlušičková, Ondřej Vícha
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2023.55
published online: 04. 12. 2023
abstract
The following paper traces the circumstances of the 2000 mining accident in the Romanian town of Baia Mare, which has been described as one of the worst environmental disasters since Chornobyl. Following this, the authors analyze the international legislation in force at the time of this accident and mention two types of obligations resulting from international treaties in force at the time, to which Romania was also a contracting party. At the turn of the millennium, there was a lack of legislation at the international and European Commission level to regulate this waste management process, making the whole process riskier and, in some cases, was also the reason for mining accidents associated with cyanide leaks into the environment. The authors describe the changes in international law adopted in response to the mining accidents, cite the case-law of the ECtHR related to the Baia Mare accident case (case Tǎtar v Romania). The authors leave aside the European and Czech aspects of the issue, which they will focus on in a separate article.
keywords: environmental law; mining waste; cyanide; accident; liability; transboundary pollution
references (42)
1. <bez popisu> CrossRef
2. BOWKER NEWLAND, L. - CHAMBERS, D. M. The Risk Public Liability & Economics of Tailings Facility Failures. Bowker Associates Science & Reserach In The Public Interest [online]. 2015 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: https://earthworks.org/assets/uploads/archive/files/pubs-others/BowkerChambers-RiskPublicLiability_EconomicsOfTailingsStorageFacility%20Failures-23Jul15.pdf.
3. Commission of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission: Safe operation of mining activities: a follow-up to recent mining accidents. COM(2000) 664 final. COM(2000) 664 final [online]. 2000 [cit. 2022-09-12]. Dostupné na: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2000:0664:FIN:EN:PDF.
4. Corfu Channel case (UK v. Albania) (1949) ICJ Reports 4.
5. <bez popisu> CrossRef
6. ČÍŽKOVÁ, H. 5. ministerská konference EHK OSN "Životní prostředí pro Evropu". České právo životního prostředí. 2003, roč. 3, č. 8, s. 3-8.
7. DAMOHORSKÝ, M. - ŠTURMA, P. - ONDŘEJ, J. - ZÁSTĚROVÁ, J. - SMOLEK, M. - SOBOTKA, M. - STEJSKAL, V. - ŽÁKOVSKÁ, K. Mezinárodní právo životního prostředí. II. Díl, Zvláštní část. Beroun: Nakladatelství Eva Rozkotová - IFEC, 2008.
8. Danube Flood Risk Management Plan Update 2021. In: ICPDR [online]. [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: http://www.icpdr.org/main/publications/danube-flood-risk-management-plan-dfrmp-update-2021.
9. Danube River Basin Distric Management Plan Update 2021. In: ICPDR [online]. [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: http://www.icpdr.org/main/publications/danube-river-basin-management-plan-drbmp-update-2021.
10. DUSÍK, J. Environmental Democracy and the "Environment for Europe" Process. In: HLAVÁČEK, J. - KALOUSOVÁ, M. - RENÉOVÁ-MOHN, M. - POKORNÝ, L. (eds.). "Environment for Europe" Process: Success and Chalanges. Prague: Ministry of Environment, 2009, s. 47-54.
11. EISLER, R. - WIEMEYER, S. N. Cyanide Hazards to Plants and Animals from Gold Mining and Related Water Issues. In: WARE, G. W. (ed.). Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer New York [online]. 2004, s. 21-54 [cit. 2022-12-12]. Dostupné na: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-9100-3_2. CrossRef
12. FRANZEN, J. - MESARČÍK, I. Zlato a jeho kyanidové lúhovanie. Enviromagazín [online]. 2006, č. 5, s. 24-25 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: http://www.enviromagazin.sk/enviro2006/enviro5/11.pdf.
13. <bez popisu> CrossRef
14. <bez popisu> CrossRef
15. HARPER, K. "Wild Capitalism" and "Ecocolonialism": a Tale of Two Rivers. American Anthropologist [online]. 2005, Vol. 107, No. 2, s. 221-233 [cit. 2022-10-11. Dostupné na: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3567740. CrossRef
16. HUDSON, C. The Role of International Environmental Law in the Protection of the Danube River Basin: the Baia Mare Cyanide Spill. Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy [online]. 2001, Vol. 12, No. 2, Summer 367, s. 383 [cit. 2023-03-12]. Dostupné na: https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/colenvlp12&i=381.
17. JANKUV, V. Ľudské právo na životné prostredie a jeho ochrana podľa Európskeho dohovoru o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd (1950). In: KOŠIČIAROVÁ, S. (ed.). Rada Európy a ochrana životného prostredia: zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie konanej 11. septembra 2008. Typi Universitatis Tyrnaviensis. Trnava: Právnická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave, 2009, s. 94-112.
18. KOMNITSAS, K. A. - KONTOPOULOS, A. - LAZAR, I. I. - CAMBRIDGE, M. Risk Assessment And Proposed Remedial Actions In Coastal Tailings Disposal Sites In Romania. Minerals Engineering [online]. 1998, Vol. 11, No. 12, s. 1179-1190 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0892687598001046?via%3Dihub#. CrossRef
19. LAITOS, J. G. The Current Status of Cyanide Regulations: Engineering, Geology, Mineralogy, Metallurgy, Chemistry, etc. Engineering and Mining Journal [online]. 2012, Vol. 213, No. 2, s. 34-40 [cit. 2022-12-15]. Dostupné na: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/current-status-cyanide-regulations/docview/928449489/se-2?accountid=12552.
20. Lake Lanoux case (Spain v. France), 12 RIAA 281 (1957).
21. LÁSZLÓ, F. Lessons learned from the cyanide and heavy metal accidental water pollution in the Tisa River basin in the year 2000. In: DURA, G. - KAMBOUROVA, V. - SIMEONOVA, F. (eds.). Management of Intentional and Accidental Water Pollution. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006, s. 43-50. CrossRef
22. LUCAS, C. The Baia Mare and Baia Borsa Accidents: Cases of Severe Transboundary Water Pollution. Environmental Policy and Law [online]. 2001, Vol. 31, No. 2, s. 106-111 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: https://content.iospress.com/articles/environmental-policy-and-law/epl31-2-07.
23. MORAN, R. De-coding Cyanide: An Assessment of Gaps in Cyanide Regulation at Mines. A Submission to the European Union and the United Nations Environmental Programme [online]. 2002, s. 7-18 [cit. 2022-10-15]. Dostupné na: https://earthworks.org/files/publications/DecodingCyanide.PDF.
24. MORAN, R. More Cyanide Uncertainties Lessons From the Baia Mare, Romania, Spill - Water Quality and Politics. Mineral Policy Center [online]. 2001, s. 6 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: https://earthworks.org/files/publications/mcu_final.pdf.
25. MÜLLEROVÁ, H. Ochrana životního prostředí prostřednictvím Evropské úmluvy o lidských právech a její limity. In: KOŠIČIAROVÁ, S. (ed.). Rada Európy a ochrana životného prostredia: zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie konanej 11. septembra 2008. Typi Universitatis Tyrnaviensis. Trnava: Právnická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave, 2009, s. 149-162.
26. MÜLLEROVÁ, H. a kol. Klimatické právo. Praha: Wolters Kluwer ČR, 2022.
27. <bez popisu> CrossRef
28. REPÍK, B. Chrání Evropská úmluva o lidských právech právo na životní prostředí? (I. část). Bulletin advokacie. 2005, roč. 35, č. 7-8, s. 20-23.
29. REPÍK, B. Chrání Evropská úmluva o lidských právech právo na životní prostředí? (II. část). Bulletin advokacie. 2005, roč. 35, č. 9, s. 65-68.
30. Report of the International Task Force for Assessing the Baia Mare Accident [online]. 2020 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/baia_mare_task_force_report_2000.pdf.
31. ROBA, C. - ROŞU, C. - PIŞTEA, I. - OZUNU, A. - BACIU, C. Heavy metal content in vegetables and fruits cultivated in Baia Mare mining area (Romania) and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research [online]. 2016, Vol. 23, No. 7, s. 6062-6073 [cit. 2022-11-3]. Dostupné na: 10.1007/s11356-015-4799-6. CrossRef
32. SANDS, P. - PEEL, J. a kol. Principles of International Environmental Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. CrossRef
33. SCHWABACH, A. From Schweizerhalle to Baia Mare: the Continuing Failure of International Law to Protect Europe's Rivers. Virginia Environmental Law Journal [online]. 2000, Vol. 19, No. 4, s. 431-461 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24785896.
34. ŠTURMA, P. Zásady mezinárodního práva životního prostředí. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. 2002, Vol. XLVIII, č. 2-3, s. 9-25.
35. Trail Smelter case (United States v. Canada), 3 RIAA 1907 (1941).
36. TRAN, M. Hungary to sue over cyanide spill. The Guardian. 16. 2. 2000 [online]. [cit. 2022-10-16]. Dostupné na: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/16/marktran.
37. UN (United Nations). UN Marks Tenth Anniversary of Cyanide Spill With Call For Greater Vigilance. UN News [online]. 2010 [cit. 2022-09-10]. Dostupné na: https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/01/327972.
38. UNEP/OCHA (United Nations Envirionment Programme / Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Spill of Liquid and Suspended Waste at the Aurul S.A. Retreatment Plant in Baia Mare: Assessment Mission: Romania, Hungary, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 23 February - 6 March 2000: Report [online]. Geneva, 2000 [cit. 2022-12-30]. Dostupné na: https://reliefweb.int/report/romania/cyanide-spill-baia-mare-romania-unepocha-assessment-mission-advance-copy.
39. VÍCHA, O. Nejnovější přístupy EU k nakládání s těžebními odpady. Ekologie a právo. roč. 3, č. 6, 2007, s. 2-9.
40. VÍCHA, O. Princip "znečišťovatel platí" v právu životního prostředí. Praha: Linde, 2011.
41. VÍCHA, O. Úmluva o rtuti (tzv. Minamatská úmluva) (2013). In: SCHELLE, K. - TAUCHEN, J. (eds.). Encyklopedie českých právních dějin. XIX. svazek U-Ú. Plzeň: Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš Čeněk, 2020, v koedici Ostrava: KEY Publishing, 2020, s. 168-171.
42. VOMÁČKA, V. Spravedlivé zadostiučinění v rozhodnutích ESLP a dalších mezinárodních soudů zaměřených na ochranu lidských práv v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí. In: COFOLA 2010: the Conference Proceedings. Brno: Masarykova Univerzita, 2010, s. 1458-1470.
Přeshraniční znečištění v případu úniku kyanidu z těžebního provozu v Baia Mare: mezinárodněprávní aspekty is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
230 x 157 mm
periodicity: 4 x per year
print price: 65 czk
ISSN: 0323-0619
E-ISSN: 2336-6478
