Tolerance, společenská informace, diskurzní demokracie

Combat with the objective of tolerance appeared as a response to historical fact of existence and baleful effect of religious dogmas and ether ideological systems. The tolerance postulate which is effective today, has today much broader meaning and does not represent only tolerance of different religious belief or life standards. It is an unseparable part of democratic world outlook. The tolerance postulate does not involve only religion, as it also involves political and scientific ideas. The philosophy of liberalism has shown that there are no absolute invariable regarding believes and world outlook. Today we understand that procreative cooperation among individuals and groups of varying forms of life is possible; the peace in the world of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons requires general tolerance. The requirement for tolerance is related to two social relations: a) the first is the tolerance within a group, i.e. the right of members of ideological organization, e.g. the church, to be relatively free within the system regarding outlooks and the right to leave the organization, and b) the second is equal position of ether organizations. It is necessary to discuss a number of fundamental problems, which are related to the idea of tolerance: i) Is there limit of tolerance and, if so, where is it? ii) Tolerance does not mean moral ignorance. The combat for one’s ideals is possible, however using only discursive methods. iii) Tolerance does not mean tolerating of intolerable opinions and systems, it is not ideology of ideal liberty’s suicide. iv) Even the religious systems and ritual customs do not apply unlimited freedom. v) Is the ideal tolerance limited to undisturbed existence of various systems next to each other or is the live discursion among world outlooks a cultures necessary? vi) What does the relation between ideal tolerance and open society look like? vii) Shall we understand the discourse, according to J. Habermas, as a way to general consensus or, according to N. Rescher, as dynamic process of seeking consensus, criticism and dissensus? The idea of tolerance is closely connected to an idea! of open society and to ideal of discoursive democracy. Development of mass media introduces new forms of democratic life as well as significant danger for democracy, via the influence of penetration of marketing methods into political life in particular.