Právněhistorické studie / Legal History Studies (Charles University journal; below referred to as PHS or Journal) is a scientific journal listed in the international prestigious database SCOPUS. The journal is published by Charles University in Prague under the guarantee of the Department of Legal History of the Faculty of Law of Charles University. It is published by the Karolinum Press. The journal focuses on the field of legal history and related topics.
Issue 1 of the Journal was published by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Publishing in June 1955. The Journal was initially published by the Cabinet of Legal History of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science (CSAV), later by the Institute of State and Law (CSAV) and then by the Institute of Legal History of the Faculty of Law of Charles University.
PHS is issued three times a year in April, August, and December and it presents original scientific works/papers as well as reviews, annotations and news from the scientific field of legal history. It also introduces annotated texts of a legal history nature. PHS accepts manuscripts from domestic as well as foreign authors. Manuscripts submitted by foreign authors are published in original language, namely in English, Slovak, German, French, Italian or Polish.
PHS (ISSN 0079-4929) is registered in the Czech national ISSN centre (supervised by the State Technical Library). The Journal is registered by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic according to Act No. 46/2000 Sb., on Rights and Liabilities for the Publishing of Periodicals and Change of Some Acts (Press Act), and it is allocated with registration number of periodical press MK E 18813.
PHS is an open journal and ensures open access to scientific data (Open Access). The entire content is released as open to the public on the web pages of the journal.
The journal is archived in Portico.
PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE, Vol 54 No 3 (2024), 77–91
Joseph II’s Reforms of the Piarist Order with Particular Regard to the Hungarian Province
János Balla
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/2464689X.2024.28
published online: 10. 01. 2025
abstract
The aim of the study is to show the consequences for the Hungarian Piarist Order stemming from the ecclesiastical reforms of Joseph II. (r. 1765–1790). Both Maria Theresa (r. 1740–1780) and her son, Joseph II wanted to restructure and re-regulate the relationship between church and state. The wide-ranging reforms introduced during their reigns affected social, economic, cultural, judicial and legal life, as well as education. The Church and its different branches like the religious orders (ordo regularis) were the cohesive elements of this program: as a kind of supranational institution, it was the responsibility of the ecclesiastical administration to introduce, operate and control it. Without the state-church structure, the system as a whole would have remained dysfunctional. In fact, in relation to the objectives of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, we should not speak primarily of church reform, but of the modernization or centralization program of the multi-ethnic Habsburg monarchy. The Piarists are considered the most committed supporters of the 18th-century reform spirit, who, as a teaching order, also incorporated the new scientific achievements of the time into the education of the youth. The activities of the Piarists received great support from Maria Theresa and Joseph II, who entrusted them with the creation of many new educational institutions. Paradoxically, this relationship of trust almost led to the dissolution of the Order in the Josephine decade, when the Emperor sought to exploit the Piarists by dissolving the Order and employing its members in the state. This was ultimately hampered by scarce financial resources, but the existential fear of dissolution and the loosening of the order’s ties led many religious (lat. religiousus) to leave the community and continue their careers as diocesan priests or lay teachers.
keywords: state; church; enlightened absolutism; Joseph II; Piarist Order; religious; reform
references (32)
1. ARETIN, K. Deutsche Geschichte. Band 7, Berlin: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1980.
2. BALANYI, GY. - BÍRÓ, I. - BÍRÓ, V. -TOMEK, V. (eds.). A magyar piarista rendtartomány története. Budapest: Kiadas éve, 1943.
3. BEALES, D. Europäische Klöster im Zeitalter der Revolution 1650-1815. Wien: Brill Öster-reich, 2008. CrossRef
4. BENDA, K. A magyar jakobinus mozgalom története. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1957.
5. BENDA, K. Emberbarát vagy hazafi? Budapest: Gondolat, 1978.
6. BENDEL, R. - SPANNENBERGER, N. Katolische Aufklärung und Josephinismus. Rezep-tionsformen in Ostmittel- und Südosteuropa. Köln: Böglau Verlag, 2015. CrossRef
7. Central Archives of the Hungarian Province of the Piarist Order, Archivum Provinciae Hungari-ae Vetus, Intimata. Regia. IV, Ab Anno 1786 Ad Annum 1787. Nr. 12, 26. Januar 1786.
8. Codex Iuris Canonici 1917 [online]. https://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0813/_P8I.HTM (25. 02. 2024.)
9. CSIZMADIA, A. Rechtliche Beziehungen von Staat und Kirche in Ungarn vor 1944. Budapest: Akademia Kiadó, 1971.
10. DUCHHARDT, H. Barock und Aufklärung. München: Oldenbourg, 2007. CrossRef
11. EVAN, R. Austria, Hungary, and The Habsburgs. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
12. FEICHTINGER, J. - UHL, H. (eds.). Habsburg neu denken. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2016. CrossRef
13. FORGÓ, A. (ed.): A Piarista rend Magyarországon. Budapest: Szent István Társulat, 2010.
14. HORVÁTH, A. Koppi Károly működése. Szeged: Pázmány Péter-Tudományegyetem Történelmi Szemináriumának Kiadványa, 1944.
15. KANN, R. A History of The Habsburg Empire 1526-1918. London: California Press, 1974. CrossRef
16. KLUETING, H. Der Josephinismus. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1995.
17. KOSÁRY, D. Művelődés a XVIII. századi Magyarországon. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
18. MAAß, F. Der Josephinismus. Quellen zu seiner Geschichte in Österreich. Vol. I. Wien, 1951.
19. MÁLYUSZ, E. Iratok a türelmi rendelet történetéhez. Budapest: Magyar Protestáns Irodalmi Társaság, 1939.
20. MAROSI, E. (ed.). Auf der Bühne Europas. Der tausendjährige Beitrag Ungarns zur Idee der Europäischen Gemeinschaft. Budapest: Balassi Kiadó, 2009.
21. MÉSZÁROS, I. Középszintű iskoláink kronológiája és topográfiája, 996-1948. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
22. MEZEY, B. - GOSZTONYI, G. (eds.). Magyar alkotmánytörténet. Budapest: Osiris, 2020.
23. PALLMANN, P. A magyar piaristák II. József uralkodása alatt. Kolozsvár: Stief nyomda, 1914.
24. REINALTER, H. Freimaurer und Geheimbünde im 18. Jahrhundert in Mitteleuropa. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp 1989.
25. RIEDEL, J. Bildungsreform und geistliches Ordenswesen im Ungarn der Aufklärung. Die Schu-len der Piaristen unter Maria Theresia und Joseph II. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2012. CrossRef
26. SCHINDLING, A. Bildung und Wissenschaft in der Frühen Neuzeit 1650-1800. Enzyklopädie deutscher Geschichte, Band 30. München: Oldenbourg, 1994.
27. SUPKA, G. II. József válogatott levelei. Budapest: Olcsó Könyvtár, 1913.
28. SZINNYEI, J. (ed.) Dugonics Andrásnak, Kegyes Oskolabeli szerzetes papnak különbféle gon-dolatai és történetei. In: Dugonics András feljegyzései, 1883.
29. TUSOR, P. - NEMES, G. (eds.). Documents of papal consistories. Budapest - Rome: Research Institute of Church History at Péter Pázmány Catholic University, 2011.
30. VALJAVEC, F. Der Josephinismus. München: Oldenbourg, 1945. CrossRef
31. VANYÓ, T. A bécsi pápai követség levéltárának iratai Magyarországról 1611-1786. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1986.
32. VARGA, I. (ed.) A magyarországi katolikus tanintézmények színjátszásának forrásai és irodal-ma 1800-ig. Budapest: Argumentum, 1992.
Joseph II’s Reforms of the Piarist Order with Particular Regard to the Hungarian Province is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
240 x 170 mm
periodicity: 3 x per year
print price: 250 czk
ISSN: 0079-4929
E-ISSN: 2464-689X
