AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA
AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA

Acta Universitatis Carolinae Kinanthropologica (AUC Kinanthropologica) is an international peer reviewed journal for the publication of research outcomes in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences, as applied to kinathropology. It is a multidisciplinary journal accepting only original unpublished articles in English in the various sub-disciplines and related fields of kinanthropology, such as Anthropology, Anthropomotorics, Sports Pedagogy, Sociology of Sport, Philosophy of Sport, History of Sport, Physiology of Sport And Exercise, Physical Education, Applied Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Human Biomechanics, Psychology of Sport, Sports Training and Coaching, Sport Management, etc. The journal also welcomes interdisciplinary articles. The journal also includes reports of relevant activities and reviews of relevant publications.

The journal is abstracted and indexed by CNKI, DOAJ, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, SPOLIT, SPORTDiscus, and Ulrichsweb.

AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA, Vol 59 No 1 (2023), 5–17

Wounded warriors: Multiple identities, physical activity and life satisfaction

Jeffrey Martin, Adam Martin, Erin Snapp, Fatemeh Dehghan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2023.1
published online: 04. 07. 2023

abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine a model specifying that military, athlete, exercise, and disability identities would predict life satisfaction as mediated by physical activity (PA). Methods: Seventy-one military veterans (N = 71) with impairments participated and completed Exercise, Athlete, Disability, Military, identity scales and Life Satisfaction and PA questionnaires. Results: A mediation model indicated the indirect effect of the four identities on life satisfaction through PA was not significant However, PA was predicted by the 4 identities, [F (4, 66) = 2.49, p = 0.05] and accounted for 13% of the variance, with disability identity having the only significant beta weight. Life satisfaction was also predicted by the 4 identities and PA ([F (5, 65) = 4.88, p = 0.001] and accounted for 27% of the variance. However, only the military and athletic identities had significant beta weights. Conclusions: Our findings provide preliminary support for the value of military veterans maintaining a military identity and holding an athletic identity. The current findings suggest that sport psychologists and rehabilitation professionals take a more nuanced and open-minded perspective about veterans who desire to maintain a military identity when becoming civilians.

keywords: sport; exercise; quality of life; disability

references (49)

1. Anderson, D. F., & Cychosz, C. M. (1994). Development of an exercise identity scale. Perceptual and Motor skills, 78(3), 747-751. CrossRef

2. Anderson, D. F., & Cychosz, C. M. (1995). Exploration of the relationship between exercise behavior and exercise identity. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18(3), 159-166.

3. Anderson, D. F., Cychosz, C. M., & Franke, W. D. (1998). Association of exercise identity with measures of exercise commitment. Journal of Sport Behavior, 21(3), 233-241.

4. Anderson, C. L., Monroy, M., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe in nature heals: Evidence from of British military veterans. Political Psychology, 39(1), 125-142.

5. Bogart, K. R. (2015). Disability identity predicts lower anxiety and depression in multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 60(1), 105-109. CrossRef

6. Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules Muscle or achilles heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 237-254. CrossRef

7. Britton, P., Ouimette, P., & Bossarte, R. (2012). The effect of depression on the association between military service and life satisfaction. Quality of Life Research, 21(10), 1857-1862. CrossRef

8. Brysbaert, M. (2019). How many participants do we have to include in properly powered experiments? A tutorial of power analysis with reference tables. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), Article 16. CrossRef

9. Chalk, H. M. (2015). Disability self-categorization in emerging adults: Relationship with self-esteem, perceived esteem, mindfulness, and markers of adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 4(3), 200-206. CrossRef

10. Chang, F. H., Wang, Y. H., Jang, Y., & Wang, C. W. (2012). Factors associated with quality of life among people with spinal cord injury: application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(12), 2264-2270. CrossRef

11. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

12. Cramer, D. (1998). Fundamental statistics for social research: Step-by-step calculations and computer techniques using SPSS for Windows. Psychology Press.

13. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. CrossRef

14. Diaz, R., Miller, E. K., Kraus, E., & Fredericson, M. (2019). Impact of adaptive sports participation on quality of life. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 27(2), 73-82. CrossRef

15. Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. CrossRef

16. Dunn, D. S., & Burcaw, S. (2013). Disability identity: Exploring narrative accounts of disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 58(2), 148-156. CrossRef

17. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. CrossRef

18. Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012). Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 2-18. CrossRef

19. Godin, G., & Shephard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10(3), 141-146.

20. Guerrero, M., & Martin, J. (2018). Para sport athletic identity from competition to retirement: A brief review and future research directions. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, 29, 387-396. CrossRef

21. Hahn, H. D., & Belt, T. L. (2004). Disability identity and attitudes toward cure in a sample of disabled activists. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(4), 453-464. CrossRef

22. Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

23. Johansen, R. B., Laberg, J. C., & Martinussen, M. (2014). Military identity as predictor of perceived military competence and skills. Armed Forces & Society, 40, 521-543. CrossRef

24. Keeling, M. (2018). Stories of transition: US Veterans' narratives of transition to civilian life and the important role of identity. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 4(2), 28-36. CrossRef

25. Lancaster, S. L., & P. Hart, R. (2015). Military identity and psychological functioning: A pilot study. Military Behavioral Health, 3(1), 83-87. CrossRef

26. Lancaster, S. L., Kintzle, S., & Castro, C. A. (2018). Validation of the Warrior Identity Scale in the Chicagoland Veterans Study. Identity, 18(1), 34-43. CrossRef

27. Littman, A. J., Forsberg, C. W., & Boyko, E. J. (2013). Associations between compulsory physical activity during military service and activity in later adulthood among male veterans compared with nonveterans. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 10(6), 784-791. CrossRef

28. Littman, A. J., Jacobson, I. G., Boyko, E. J., & Smith, T. C. (2015). Changes in meeting physical activity guidelines after discharge from the military. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 12(5), 666-674. CrossRef

29. Markowitz, F. E., Kintzle, S. M., Castro, C. A., & Lancaster, S. L. (2019). Effects of perceived public regard on the well-being of military veterans. Society and Mental Health, 10(3), 291-304. CrossRef

30. Martin, J. J. (2017). Handbook of disability sport and exercise psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. CrossRef

31. Martin, J. J. (2013). Disability Sport: The Development of an Athletic Identity. In: A. Farelli (Ed.) Sports and Exercise: Psychology and Health Research (pp. 15-24). New York, NY: Nova Science.

32. Martin, J. J., Adams Mushett, C., & Eklund, R. C. (1994). Factor structure of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale with adolescent swimmers with disabilities. Brazilian International Journal of Adapted Physical Education Research, 1, 87-99.

33. Martin, J. J., & Munroe-Chandler, K. (2015). The role of sport and physical activity in promoting the psychosocial well-being of military personnel with disabilities. In: A. M. Columbus (Ed.) Advances in Psychology Research. (pp. 73-82). New York, NY: Nova Science.

34. Martin, J. J., Eklund, R. C. & Adams Mushett, C. (1997). Factor structure of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale with athletes with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 14(1), 74-82. CrossRef

35. Martin, J. J., Shapiro, D. R., & Prokesova, E. (2013). Predictors of physical activity among Czech and American children with hearing impairment. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 6(2), 38-47. CrossRef

36. Martin, J., Vassallo, M., Carrico, J., & Armstrong, E. (2019). Predicting happiness in Paralympic swimming medalists. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 36(3), 309-324. CrossRef

37. Motl, R. W., McAuley, E., Snook, E. M., & Gliottoni, R. C. (2009). Physical activity and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: intermediary roles of disability, fatigue, mood, pain, self-efficacy and social support. Psychology, Health &Medicine, 14(1), 111-124. CrossRef

38. Ravenek, K. E., Ravenek, M. J., Hitzig, S. L., & Wolfe, D. L. (2012). Assessing quality of life in relation to physical activity participation in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Disability and Health Journal, 5(4), 213-223. CrossRef

39. Ross, M., & Wilson, A. E. (2002). It feels like yesterday: Self-esteem, valence of personal past experiences, and judgments of subjective distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(5), 792-803. CrossRef

40. Sallis, J. F., Buono, M. J., Roby, J. J., Micale, F. G., & Nelson, J. A. (1993). Seven-day recall and other physical activity self-reports in children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 99-108. CrossRef

41. Shapiro, D. R., & Marting, J. J. (2010). Athletic identity, affect, and peer relations in youth athletes with physical disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 3(2), 79-85. CrossRef

42. Smith, R. T., & True, G. (2014). Warring identities: Identity conflict and the mental distress of American veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Society and Mental Health, 4(2), 147-161. CrossRef

43. Steffens, N. K., Jetten, J., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., & Haslam, S. A. (2016). Multiple social identities enhance health post-retirement because they are a basis for giving social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1519. CrossRef

44. Strachan, S. M., Brawley, L. R., Spink, K., & Glazebrook, K. (2010). Older adultsʼ physically-active identity: Relationships between social cognitions, physical activity and satisfaction with life. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 114-121. CrossRef

45. Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284-297. CrossRef

46. Tasiemski, T., & Brewer, B. W. (2011). Athletic identity, sport participation, and psychological adjustment in people with spinal cord injury. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 28(3), 233-250. CrossRef

47. United States Census Bureau. American Community Survey (2013). Selected population profile in the United States: 2011-2013 American Community Survey 3-year estimates. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved January 27, 2015, from http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_3YR_S0201&prodType=table.

48. United States Department of Veteran Affairs. (2013). Compensation: Disability compensation. NW Washington, DC. Retrieved January 27, 2015, from http://www.benefits.va.gov/COMPENSATION/types-disability.asp.

49. Wilson, P. M., & Muon, S. (2008). Psychometric properties of the exercise identity scale in a university sample. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(2), 115-131. CrossRef

Creative Commons License
Wounded warriors: Multiple identities, physical activity and life satisfaction is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

157 x 230 mm
periodicity: 2 x per year
print price: 190 czk
ISSN: 1212-1428
E-ISSN: 2336-6052

Download