Acta Universitatis Carolinae Kinanthropologica (AUC Kinanthropologica) is an international peer reviewed journal for the publication of research outcomes in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences, as applied to kinathropology. It is a multidisciplinary journal accepting only original unpublished articles in English in the various sub-disciplines and related fields of kinanthropology, such as Anthropology, Anthropomotorics, Sports Pedagogy, Sociology of Sport, Philosophy of Sport, History of Sport, Physiology of Sport And Exercise, Physical Education, Applied Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Human Biomechanics, Psychology of Sport, Sports Training and Coaching, Sport Management, etc. The journal also welcomes interdisciplinary articles. The journal also includes reports of relevant activities and reviews of relevant publications.
The journal is abstracted and indexed by CNKI, DOAJ, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, SPOLIT, SPORTDiscus, and Ulrichsweb.
AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA, Vol 50 No 1 (2014), 100–111
Relationship between Age Cognitive Decline and Performance of Cognitive Motor Tasks in Seniors
Jiří Mudrák, Pavel Slepička
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2015.10
published online: 03. 03. 2015
abstract
Relationship between Age Cognitive Decline and Performance of Cognitive Motor Tasks in Seniors Relationship between the age-related cognitive decline and decline in cognitive processing speed, in a variety of cognitive motor tasks was examined. The sample consisted of 33 well-adjusted older adults (on average 68 years old), recruited from several physical activity programs. The participants performed five cognitive tests selected from the Vienna test system battery. Subsequently, the relationship of their age and the measures of cognitive function was analyzed. It was found that the age of respondents was related only to their performance in complex tasks which included a processing speed component. The participant’s performance in simple tasks and in measures unaffected by processing speed was unrelated to age. Results are consistent with the processing speed theory of adult age differences in cognition (Salthouse, 1996). Furthermore, the performance in complex cognitive tasks was influenced by the level of participation in leisure physical activities; this suggests that physically active lifestyle may limit the impact of age on cognitive function. Stárnutí a rychlost zpracování kognitivních funkcí V předkládáné studii se zabýváme některými aspekty věkem podmíněného úbytku kognitivních funkcí. Konkrétně zkoumáme předpoklady vycházející z teorie rychlosti zpracování (Salthouse, 1996) týkající se toho, že věkem podmíněný pokles kognitivních funkcí je dán především poklesem rychlosti kognitivních procesů, což se projevuje především u komplexních kognitivních úkolů. Vzorek v naší studii se skládal z 33 seniorů a seniorek (průměrný věk byl 68 let), které jsme oslovili prostřednictvím několika programů pro seniory. Respondenti byli testováni prostřednictvím pěti testů kognitivních funkcí, které jsme vybrali z testové baterie Vienna test systém. Následně jsme analyzovali vztah mezi výsledky testů a věkem respondentů. Zjistili jsme, že věk respondentů souvisel s jejich výkony v testech pouze v komplexních úkolech, které obsahovaly komponenty rychlosti zpracování. Výkon respondentů v jednoduchých úkolech a v úkolech nezávislých na rychlosti zpracování nevykazoval vztah s jejich věkem. Naše zjištění jsou konzistentní s hypotézami vycházejícími z teorie rychlosti zpracování. Dále jsme zjistili, že výkon při řešení komplexních kognitivních úloh byl ovlivněn účastí ve volnočasové pohybové aktivitě, což naznačuje, že aktivní životní styl limituje dopad stárnutí na kognitivní funkce.
keywords: cognitive function; processing speed; aging; Vienna test system; physical activity kognitivní funkce; rychlost zpracování; stárnutí; Vienna test system; pohybová aktivita
references (41)
1. Aldwin, C. M., Gilmer, D. F. (2013) Health, illness and optimal aging. New York: Springer.
2. Albert M. S. et al. (1995) Predictors of cognitive change in older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Psychology and aging, 10, 4, 578–589. CrossRef
3. Anstey, K. J. et al. (2005) Cognitive, sensory and physical factors enabling driving safety in older adults. Clinical psychology review, 25, 1, 45–65. CrossRef PubMed
4. Ball, K. et al. (2002) Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults. JAMA, 288, 18, 2271–2281. CrossRef
5. Cruikshank, M. (2013) Learning to be old. Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield.
6. Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., Griffin, S. (1985) The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 1, 71–75. CrossRef PubMed
7. Elavsky, S., Mcauley, E. (2007) Physical activity and mental health outcomes during menopause: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 2, 132–142. CrossRef
8. Gelder, B. M. et al. (2004). Physical activity in relation to cognitive decline in elderly men. Neurology, 63, 12, 2316–2321. CrossRef
9. Godin, G., Shephard, R. J. (1985) A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 141–146.
10. Hasmanová Marhánková, J. (2010) Konstruování představ aktivního stárnutí v centrech pro seniory. Sociologický časopis, 46, 2, 211–234.
11. Hoyer, W. J., Verhaeghen, P. (2006) Memory aging. In Birren, J. E., Schaie, K.W. (Eds.) Handbook of the psychology of aging. London: Elsevier. CrossRef
12. Hultsch, D. F et al. (1999) Use it or lose it: Engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging? Psychology and aging, 14, 2, 245–263. CrossRef PubMed
13. Jorm A. F. (2000) Is depression a risk factor for dementia or cognitive decline? Gerontology, 46, 4, 219–227. CrossRef PubMed
14. Kallus, K. W., Schmitt, J. A., Benton, D. (2005) Attention, psychomotor functions and age. European journal of nutrition, 44, 8, 465–484. CrossRef PubMed
15. Leon, C. M. et al. (1995) Self-efficacy, physical decline, and change in functioning in community-living elders: a prospective study. The journal of geronrology. Series B, 51, 4, 183–190.
16. Mudrák, J., Slepička, P., Elavsky, S. (2011) Motivation for physical activity in Czech seniors. AUC Kinanthropologica, 47, 2, 7–18.
17. Mudrák, J., Slepička, P., Elavsky, S. (2012) Pohybová aktivita a její sociálně-kognitivní determinanty u českých a amerických seniorů. Česká kinantropologie, 16, 3, 49–63.
18. Mudrák, J., Slepička, P., Šiška, P. (2011) Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction in Seniors Participating in Educational Programs. AUC Kinanthropologica, 47,1, 84–95.
19. Mudrák, J. et al. (2011). Pohybová aktivita a subjektivní vnímání zdraví u seniorů. Česká Kinantropologie, 15, 3, 117–129.
20. Nelson, M. E. et al. (2007). Physical Activity and Public Health in Older Adults. Recommendation From the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 1, 1–12.
21. Netz, Y., Becker, J. B., Wu, M. (2005). Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Advanced Age: A Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Psychology and Aging, 20, 2, 272–284. CrossRef PubMed
22. Neuwirth, W. (2001). Extremgruppenvalidierung verkehrspsychologischer Testverfahren anhand von Zuweisungsgruppen. Psychologie in Oesterreich, 21, 3, 206–211.
23. Newson, R. S., Kemps, E. B. (2005) General lifestyle activities as a predictor of current cognition and cognitive change in older adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal examination. The journals of gerontology, Series B, 60, 3, 113–120. CrossRef
24. Owsley, C. et al. (1998) Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults. JAMA, 279, 14, 1083–1088. CrossRef
25. Park, D., Schwarz, N. (2012) Cognitive aging.New York: Routlege.
26. Preiss, M., Lukavský, J., Steinová, D. (2010) Decreased self-reported cognitive failures after memory training. Educational Gerontology, 36, 9, 798–808. CrossRef
27. Rejeski, J. W., Mihalko, S. L. (2001) Physical activity and quality of life in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology, 56, 23–35. CrossRef PubMed
28. Rogers, W. (2012) Attention and aging. In Park, D., Schwarz, N. (Eds.) Cognitive aging. New York: Routlege, 57–74.
29. Rowe, J. W., Kahn, R. L. (1998) Successful aging. In Dychtwald, K. (Ed.) Healthy aging: Chalenges and soulutions. Gaithersburg, Ma: Aspen.
30. Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing speed of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological review, 103, 3, 403–428. CrossRef
31. Salthouse, T. A. (2000). Aging and measures of processing speed. Biological psychology, 54, 35–54. CrossRef
32. Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y. (2010) Cognitive reserve and lifestyle. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 25, 5, 625–633. CrossRef PubMed
33. Shankar, A., Mcmunn, A., Steptoe, A. (2010) Health-related behavior in older adults. Relationships with socioeconomic status. American journal of preventive medicine, 38, 1, 39–46. CrossRef PubMed
34. Shuhried, G. (2011) Vienna test system. Psychological assesment. Wolkersdorf: Paul Gerin.
35. Štěpánková, H. (2012) Stárnutí 2012. Praha: Psychiatrické centrum.
36. Štěpánková, H., Steinová, D. (2009) Trénování paměti. Praha: Psychiatrické centrum.
37. Štěpánková, H. et al. (2012) Modification of subjective cognitive outcomes in older persons through memory training. Geropsych, 25, 3, 117–125. CrossRef
38. Yaffe, K. et al. (2001) A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women. JAMA Internal medicine, 161, 14, 1703–1708. CrossRef
39. Ware, J., Kosinski, M., Keller, S. (1996) A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of Scales and Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity. Medical Care, 34, 3, 220–233. CrossRef
40. Washburn, R. et al. (1993) The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) Development and evaluation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 46,153–162. CrossRef
41. Wetherell, J. L. et al. (2002). Anxiety, cognitive performance, and cognitive decline in normal aging. Journal of gerontology, Series B, 57, 3, 246–255. CrossRef
157 x 230 mm
periodicity: 2 x per year
print price: 190 czk
ISSN: 1212-1428
E-ISSN: 2336-6052
