Problémy výstavby socialismu a komunismu v podmínkách koexistence dvou světových soustav

The problems of coexistence between socialism and capitalism concern the socialist countries as well as the imperialist countries and the countries in development. The article deals with the direct Influence of coexistence on the conditions In which the building up of socialism and communism is going on, the influence in question being an external one. In spite of all the historical successes in the building up of socialism and communism, certain difficulties recur all the time, for Instance as far as technical development, agriculture, cooperation between the socialist countries etc are concerned. There exist also certain contradictions with the teachings of the classics – for Instance it is necessary to strengthen constantly the state apparatus and it is quite impossible to think about a speedy “withering away” of the state. How is it possible to combine and explain both aspects theoretically? In order to overcome all these difficulties, very important investments would be needed, but the available means are not big enough for that purpose. Why? Because the building of socialism took place in formerly agrarian countries and the most developed countries could therefore arm against the countries building socialism and force them to undertake very costly counter measures. Therefore these countries have not only one task (the building up of socialism), as the classics foresaw it, but two tasks (the building up of socialism and its defence). Under the given technical conditions defence necessitates astronomical expenditures. These expenditures do not permit consequently sufficient means to be invested in technical development, in agriculture, services etc. The government, too, cannot under such circumstances be as ‘cheap’ as Marx and Engels wrote. For similar reasons phenomena called by the author ‘paradoxes of coexistence’ often occur (for instance wages higher than the former value of the labour power are not much higher than the former value of the labour power). The advantages of socialism lead with certainty towards a gradual overcoming those particular difficulties in the building up of socialism. Competition represents of the ways leading to the overcoming of the mentioned difficulties. As there are two main tasks Included in the building up of socialism and communism under the present circumstances – and not one task – one of these tasks may therefore be overestimated or underestimated. Given those facts, it is possible to understand certain deviations from the optimal line of policy of the communist parties (see personality cult etc.). In the same way, the main tasks of the international communist movement will clearly appear from an analysis of the special conditions in which the building up of socialism is going on in the era of coexistence. Scientific research following the suggested lines gives ample and fruitful perspectives to the theory and practice of socialism and communism.