The journal AUC Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis, subtitled “Příspěvky k dějinám Univerzity Karlovy” (Papers on the History of Charles University), is a periodical devoted not only to the history of the Prague university but also to the history of education and student movement in the Czech lands. The journal, published since 1960 as part of the Acta Universitatis Carolinae series, also publishes essays presenting original historical sources (all texts are accompanied by summaries in foreign languages, mainly in English and German). It regularly publishes reviews and annotations of works on the history of education and annals of research activities.
The journal is archived in Portico.
AUC HISTORIA UNIVERSITATIS CAROLINAE PRAGENSIS, Vol 65 No 2 (2025), 37–60
ArticleMorphological Characteristics and Surface Traces Indicating the Usage of Tools with One Spatula-shaped Working End in the La Tène Period
Lucie Burešová, Jaroslav Lett, Michal Kotýnek
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23365730.2025.19
published online: 09. 01. 2026
abstract
Fine rod-shaped instruments with two working ends – one flat and the other frequently olive-shaped – have been recovered from La Tène period oppida contexts in Central Europe. These tools are described as multifunctional or as cosmetic, medical, or surgical, however, there remains insufficient detailed understanding of the characteristics distinguishing their specific purposes. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate some of the characteristics of tools for treatment purposes, personal grooming, and make-up or substance application by examining manufacturing traces, subsequent modifications, and use-wear traces on the surface of selected tools with one spatula-shaped working part.
keywords: La Tène period; traceology; bronze; sand mould; tool for treatment; make-up tools; spatula; spathomele
references (56)
1. AETIUS of Amida, Tetrabiblos, translated by Janus Cornarius, Basel, 1533-1542
2. BAKER Patricia A., Roman Military Medical Care in Britain, Durham and Newcastle Archaeological Reports for 1997, p. 46-50
3. BAKER Patricia A., Medicine, in: Martin Millett - Louise Revell - Alison Moore (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Britain, Oxford 2016, pp. 555-572
4. BAKER Patricia A., Tastes and Digestion: archaeology and medicine in Roman Italy, in: K. Rudolph (ed.), Taste and the Ancient Senses, Abingdon 2017 CrossRef
5. BARTOŠ Hynek - FISCHEROVÁ Sylva, Hippokratés. Vybrané spisy, Praha 2012
6. BLIQUEZ Lawrence J., The Hippocratic surgical instrumentarium: A study in nomenclature, Medicina nei secoli 15/3, 2003, pp. 403-439
7. BLIQUEZ Lawrence J., The tools of Asclepius: surgical instruments in Greek and Roman times, Leiden 2014 CrossRef
8. DANIELISOVÁ Alžběta - KYSELA Jan - MIHALJEVIČ Martin - MILITKÝ Jiří, Metal working at the oppidum of Třísov, South Bohemia - a review, in: Jan Kysela - Alžběta Danielisová - Jiří Militký (eds.), Stories that Made the Iron Age. Studies in Iron Age Archaeology dedicated to Natalie Venclová, Praha 2017, pp. 83-99
9. DANIELISOVÁ Alžběta - STRNAD Ladislav - MIHALJEVIČ Martin, Circulation patterns of copper-based alloys in the Late Iron Age oppidum of Třísov in Central Europe, Metalla 24, 2018, pp. 5-18 CrossRef
10. DRDA Petr - RYBOVÁ Alena, Prostorové rozložení specializovaného řemesla v zástavbě keltského oppida, Archeologické rozhledy 47, 1995, pp. 596-613
11. DRDA Petr - RYBOVÁ Alena, Keltská oppida v centru Boiohaema, Památky archeologické 88, 1997, pp. 65-123
12. FERNÁNDEZ-MARCHENA Juan Luis - OLLÉ Andreu, Microscopic analysis of technical and functional traces as a method for the use-wear analysis of rock crystal tools, Quaternary International 2016, 424: 171-190 CrossRef
13. FIGUEIREDO Elin - ARAÚJO Maria Fátima D. - SILVA Rui J. C. - VILAÇA Raquel, Characterisation of a Proto-historic bronze collection by micro-EDXRF, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 296, 2013, pp. 26-31 CrossRef
14. GALEN of Pergamum, Claudii Galeni opera omnia, ed. Carolus Gottlob Kühn, Lipsiae: C. Cnobloch (22 vols.), 1821-1833
15. GENTILE Valerio, Reconstruct the unknown, replicate the uncontrollable. Current issues in the experimental archaeology of combat, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2022, 46: 103709 CrossRef
16. GOSTENČNIK Kordula, Medizinische Instrumente aus dem römischen Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2001 (Carinthia 1, 2002, s. 139-164)
17. GOSTENČNIK Kordula, Medizinische Instrumente vom Magdalensberg in Kärntner, Antichità altoadriatiche 51, 2002, pp. 161-177
18. GOSTENČNIK Kordula, Medizinische Instrumente aus Lauriacum in den Sammlungen der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen, Römisches Österreich 36, 2013, pp. 95-107
19. GRASSELT Thomas, Die Siedlungsfunde der vorrömischen Eisenzeit von der Widderstatt bei Jüchsen in Südthüringen, Weimarer Monographien zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte 31, 1994
20. JACKSON Ralph, Lo Strumentario chirurgico della domus rimanese, in: S. De Carolis (ed.), Ars Medica. I ferri del mestiere. La domus 'del chirurgo' di Rimini e la chirugia nell' antica Roma, Rimini 2009, pp. 73-91
21. JANSOVÁ Libuše, Hrazany. Das keltische Oppidum in Böhmen, II, Die Gehöfte in der mittleren Senkung, Praha 1988
22. JAKIELSKI Katherine E. - NOTIS Michael R., The metallurgy of Roman medical instruments, Materials characterization 45/4-5, 2000, pp. 379-389 CrossRef
23. KÁBRT Jan - KÁBRT Jan jr., Lexicon medicum, Praha 2015
24. KERN A., Spätlatenezeitliche Funde vom Oberleiserberg, MG Ernstbrunn, N O, in: E. Jerem et al. (Hgg.), Die Kelten in den Alpen und an der Donau, Akten des Internationalen Symposions St. Polten 1992, Budapest - Wien 1996, pp. 385-393
25. KOLNÍK Titus, Das mitteldanubische Barbaricum - eine Brücke zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie am Beispiel der medizinischen Messerfunde, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2004, pp. 195-210
26. KRUG Antje, Römische Skalpelle. Herstellungstechnische Anmerkungen, Medizinhistorisches Journal 28/1, 1993, pp. 93-100
27. KÜNZL Ernst - HASSEL Franz Josef - KÜNZL Susanna, Medizinische Instrumente aus Sepulkralfunden der römischen Kaiserzeit, Bonn 1983
28. KÜNZL Ernst, Medizin der Kelten. Ein archäologischer Forschungsbericht, in: R. Bedon - P. M. Martin (edd.), Mélanges Raymond Chevalier 2: Histoire & Archéologie, Caesarodunum XXIX, Tours 1995, pp. 221-240
29. KYSELA Jan, L'oppidum de Třísov (CZ). L'atelier de bronzier (?) fouillé en 1981-1982 et l'artisanat sur les acropoles des oppida en Europe centrale, in: S. Marion - S. Deffressigne - J. Kaurin - G. Bataille (edd.), Production et proto-industrialisation aux âges du Fer. Perspectives sociales et environnementales. Actes du 39e colloque international de l'AFEAF, Nancy 14-17 mai 2015. Collection Mémoires 47. Bordeaux 2017, pp. 467-474
30. KYSELA Jan, Things and Thoughts. Central Europe and the Mediterranean in the 4th-1st centuries BC, Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta 2021
31. LEICHT Matthias - SIEVERS Susanne, Recycling im Oppidum von Manching?, Das archäologische Jahr in Bayern 1998, pp. 60-62
32. LEWIS Charlton T. - SHORT Charles, A new Latin dictionary, Oxford 1958
33. MARCELLUS EMPIRICUS, De Medicamentis liber, translated by Georgius HELMREICH, Leipzig: Teubner, 1889
34. MARREIROS João M. - BAO Juan F. Gibaja - BICHO Nuno Ferreira (eds.), Use-wear and residue analysis in archaeology, Springer 2015 CrossRef
35. MARREIROS João - CALANDRA Ivan - GNEISINGER Walter - PAIXÃO Eduardo - PEDERGNANA Antonella - SCHUNK Lisa, Rethinking use-wear analysis and experimentation as applied to the study of past hominin tool use, Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology 3, 2020, pp. 475-502 CrossRef
36. MILNE John Stewart, Surgical instruments in Greek and Roman times, 1907
37. MOLLOY Barry - MÖDLINGER Marianne, The organisation and practice of metal smithing in Later Bronze Age Europe, Journal of World Prehistory 33/2, 2020, pp. 169-232 CrossRef
38. NENAKHOV Dmitriy A., The Casting Molds for Celts of Type IV (Early Iron Age). According to M. P. Gryaznov's Classification: The Manufacturing Technology, Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20/7, 2021, pp. 97-108 CrossRef
39. ORTALLI Jacopo, La domus del Chirurgo di Rimini: un eccezionale contesto archeologico, 2023
40. OUDBASHI Omid - HASANPOUR Ata - DAVAMI Parviz, Investigation on corrosion stratigraphy and morphology in some Iron Age bronze alloys vessels by OM, XRD and SEM-EDS methods, Applied Physics A 122, 2016, pp. 1-11 CrossRef
41. PACIFICO Lina - POWELL Wayne - BANKOFF Arthur H. - FILIPOVIĆ Vojislav - BULATOVIĆ Aleksandar, Iron Age and Roman metallurgical activities at the Spasovine placer tin deposit, West Serbia, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 45, 2022, p. 103619 CrossRef
42. PAULUS AEGINETA, Chirurgie de Paul d'Égine, translated by René Briau, Paris, 1855
43. PENZ Daniel, Die chemische Analyse der Produktionsreste von Altenburg, Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg 32/1, 2012, pp. 805-838
44. PÉREZ-CAMBRODÍ Rafael J. et al., Hollow needle cataract aspiration in antiquity, Acta ophthalmologica 93/8, 2015, pp. 782-784 CrossRef
45. PÍČ Josef Ladislav, Starožitnosti země České, II, Čechy na úsvitě dějin, 2, Hradiště u Stradonic jako historické Marobudum, Praha 1903
46. PLINY the Elder, The Natural History, translated by John Bostock and Henry Thomas Riley, London, 1855 CrossRef
47. RIHA Emilie, Römisches Toilettgerät und medizinische Instrumente aus Augst und Kaiseraugst, Forschungen in Augst 6, Augst 1986
48. RYBOVÁ Alena - DRDA Petr, Hradiště by Stradonice. Rebirth of a Celtic Oppidum, Praha 1994
49. SÁEZ Carmen Gutiérrez - LERMA Ignacio Martín, Traceology on metal. Use-wear marks on copper-based tools and weapons, in: João Manuel Marreiros - Juan F. Gibaja Bao - Nuno Ferreira Bicho (eds.), Use-wear and residue analysis in archaeology, Springer 2015, pp. 171-188 CrossRef
50. SAKAI Tatsuo, Historical evolution of anatomical terminology from ancient to modern, Anat-Sci-Int 82, 2007, pp. 65-81 CrossRef
51. SCHWAB Roland, Kupferlegierungen und Kupferverarbeitung im Oppidum auf dem Martberg, Berichte zur Archäologie an Mittelrhein und Mosel 17, 2011, pp. 267-285
52. SCHWAB Roland, Resources and Recycling. Copper Alloys and Nonferrous Metalworking in the Oppidum of Manching (Germany), in: Ernst Pernicka - Roland Schwab (eds.), Under the Volcano. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Metallurgy of the European Iron Age (SMEIA) held in Mannheim, Germany, 20-22 April 2010. Forschungen zur Archäometrie und Altertumswissenschaft, Band 5, Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, 2014, pp. 175-188
53. SMITH Pamela H., The Material Culture of Empirical Knowledge, West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture, 25/1, 2018, pp. 1-17
54. STEMP W. James - WATSON Adam S. - EVANS Adrian A., Surface analysis of stone and bone tools, in: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 2015, 4.1: 013001 CrossRef
55. SORANUS of Ephesus, Gynaecia ex Muscionis ex Graecis Sorani, translated by Valentin Rose (ed.), Leipzig, 1882
56. VALÉRIO Pedro - SILVA Rui J. C. - SOARES António M. Monge - ARAÚJO Maria F. - FERNANDES Francisco M. Braz - SILVA António C. - BERROCAL-RANGEL Luis, Technological continuity in Early Iron Age bronze metallurgy at the South-Western Iberian Peninsula - a sight from Castro dos Ratinhos, Journal of Archaeological Science 37/8, 2010, pp. 1811-1819 CrossRef

Morphological Characteristics and Surface Traces Indicating the Usage of Tools with One Spatula-shaped Working End in the La Tène Period is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
157 x 230 mm
periodicity: 2 x per year
print price: 150 czk
ISSN: 0323-0562
E-ISSN: 2336-5730