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This study maps the literary development of the classical myth of Pygmalion, the Jewish legend of the Golem, and the fictional adaptation of the post-Descartes vision of the machine as three versions of the "literary myth of the artificial man." Based on detailed analyses of the texts of the novel Tomorrow's Eve by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, evidently the most complete treatise on this theme in French literature, this text connects all of the above-mentioned traditions, and highlights their common points and differences, thus more exactly specifying the definition of the studied myth.