Kolonialita jako druhá tvář modernity. K současné latinskoamerické postkoloniální kritice modernity

The paper focuses on the Latin American perspective on modernity, especially on the Peruvian sociologist Aníbal Quijano’s notion of coloniality. Coloniality is explained as a theoretical framework for critical reflection of modernity with an emphasis on the forms of knowledge (episteme) and on non-Western, more specifically Latin American historical experiences and perspectives. The aim is to introduce some Latin American efforts to critically understand coloniality as the other face of modernity and to develop a distinctive critique of capitalism, globalisation and Eurocentrism in their historical dynamics. In the first part, the paper briefly introduces Latin America as a geocultural place and a object of social research in a historical perspective. Special attention is paid to the question of racial classification and authenticity. In the second part, the paper focuses on the notion of coloniality as it was conceptualised by A. Quijano and by other Latin American authors. In the third and fourth parts, the paper deals with the problem of coloniality in wider epistemic contexts of modern social sciences and in relation to the notion of alterity and to the question of decolonisation of social scientific thinking. The final discussion addresses some of inspirational and problematic points of this conception such as problems of decolonisation, intellectual dependency and critique, and the problem of conceptualisation of differences in scientific discourses.

1. Abu-Lughod, Janet. [1991]. Before European Hegemony: the World System A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford: University Press.

2. Amin, Samir. [1989]. Eurocentrism. New York: Monthly Review Press.

3. Amin, Samir. [1976]. Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review Press.

4. Baran, Paul A. [1968]. The Political Economy of Growth. New York-London: Monthly Review Press.

5. Beckford, George L. [1999 (1972)]. Persistent Poverty: Underdevelopment in Plantation Economies of the Third World. Kingston: University West Indies Press.

6. Best, Lloyd – Levitt, Kari Polanyi – Girvan, Norman (eds). [2009 (1968)]. Essays on the theory of Plantation Economy: a Historical and Institutional Approach to Caribbean Economic Development. Kingston: University West Indies Press.

7. Blaut, James Morris. [1992]. 1492: The Debate on Colonialism, Eurocentrism, and History. New York: Africa World Press.

8. Blaut, James Morris. [1993]. The Colonizer's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric history. New York: Guilford Press.

9. Blaut, James Morris. [2000]. Eight Eurocentric Historians. New York: Guilford Press.

10. Burke, Janet – Humphrey, Ted (eds). [2007]. Nineteenth-Century Nation-Building and the Latin American Intellectual Tradition. A Reader. Indianopolis: Hacket Publishing Company.

11. Castro-Gómez, Santiago. [2002]. The Social Sciences, Epistemic Violence, and the Problem of the Invention of the Other. Nepatla 3, No. 2, pp. 269–285.

12. Castro-Gómez, Santiago. [2005]. La hybris del punto cero: ciencia, raza e ilustración en la Nueva Granada (1750–1816). Bogota: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

13. Clark, Meri L. [2010]. The Emergence and Transformation of Positivism. In. Nuccetelli, Susana – Schutte, Ofelia – Bueno, Otávio (eds). A Companion to Latin American Philosophy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 53–67.

14. Corbey, Raymond – Leerssen, Joep (eds) [1991]. Alterity, Identity and Image: Self, Others in Society and Scholarship. Amsterodam: Rodopi.

15. Chatterjee, Partha. [1993]. Nation and its Fragments. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

16. Certeau de, Michel. [1986]. Heterologies: Discourse on the Other. Michigan: University of Minnesota Press.

17. Dussel, Enrique. [1985]. Philosophy of Liberation. Maryknoll: Orbis.

18. Dussel, Enrique. [1995]. The Invention of the Americas. Eclipse of "the Other" and the Myth of Modernity. New York: Continuum.

19. Escobar, Arturo [1995]. Encountering Development: the Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

20. Escobar, Arturo [2004]. Beyond the Third World: Imperial Globality, Global Coloniality and Anti-Globalisation Social Movements. Third World Quarterly 25, No. 1, pp. 207–230. CrossRef

21. Fontana, Josep. [2001]. Evropa před zrcadlem. Praha: Lidové noviny.

22. Frank, Andre Gunder. [1971]. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil. Oxford: Penguin.

23. Giddens, Anthony. [1991]. The Consequences of Modernity. Standford: Standford University Press.

24. Grosfuegel, Ramón. [2007]. The Epistemic Decolonial Turn: Beyond Political Economy Paradigms. Cultural Studies 27, No. 2–3, pp. 211–223. CrossRef

25. Hall, Stuart et al (eds). [1996]. Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies. Malden-Oxford-Carlton: Blackwell-Willey.

26. Hamilton, Peter. [1996]. Enlightenment as a Pursuit of Modernity. In. Hall, Stuart et al. (eds). Modernity: An Introduction to Modern Societies. Malden-Oxford-Carlton: Blackwell-Willey, pp. 35–44.

27. Hobson, John M. [2004]. The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRef

28. Housková, Anna (ed.). [2004]. Druhý břeh Západu. Výbor iberoamerických esejů. Praha: Mladá fronta.

29. Jones, Eric Lionel. [2003]. The European Miracle: Enviroments, Economies, and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRef

30. Lewis, Martin W. – Wigen, Kären. [1997]. The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography. Berkeley – Los Angeles: California University Press.

31. Lockhart, James – Schwartz, Stuart B. [1983]. Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brasil. Cambridge – New York – Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

32. Martinelli, Alberto. [2005]. Global Modernization: Rethinking the Project of Modernity. London – Thousand Oaks – New Delhi: Sage.

33. Merchant Carolyn. [1993 (1980)]. The Death of Nature. Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. San Francisco: Harper.

34. Mignolo, Walter D. [2000]. Local Histories/Global Designs. Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

35. Mignolo, Walter D. [2002]. The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference. The South Atlantic Quaterly 101, No. 1, pp. 57–96. CrossRef

36. Mignolo, Walter D. [2005]. The Idea of Latin America. Malden – Oxford – Carlton: Blackwell Publishing.

37. Mignolo, Walter D. [2009]. Epistemic Disobedience, Independent Thought and Decolonial Freedom. Theory, Culture & Society 26, No. 7–8, pp. 159–181. CrossRef

38. Pletsch, Carl E. [1981]. The Three Worlds or the Division of Scientific Labor Circa 1950–1975. Comparative Studies in Society and History 23, No. 4, pp. 565–590. CrossRef

39. Quijano Aníbal – Wallerstein Immanuel [1992]. Americanity as a Concept, or the Americans in the Modern World-System. International, Vol. 44, pp. 549–557.

40. Quijano, Aníbal, [2000a]. Colonialidad del Poder, eurocentrismo y America Latina. In. Lander, Edgardo (ed.). La Colonialidad del Saber: eurocentrismo y ciencias sociales. Perspectivas Latinoamericanas. Buenos Aires: CLASCO, pp. 201–246.

41. Quijano, Aníbal. [2000b]. Colonialidad del Poder y Clasificacion Social. Journal of World-Systems Research VI, No. 2, pp. 342–386. CrossRef

42. Quijano, Aníbal. [2007 (1991)]. Coloniality and Modernity/Racionality. Cultural Studies 21, No. 2–3, pp. 168–178. CrossRef

43. Rabasa, José. [1993]. Inventing America: Spanish Historiography and the Formation of Eurocentrism. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

44. Rodney, Walter A. [1972]. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications.

45. Santos Sousa de, Bonaventura. [2002]. Towards a New Legal Common Sense: Law. Globalization and Emancipation. London: LexisNexis Butterworths.

46. Santos Sousa de, Boaventura. [2007]. Los Desafios de Las Ciencias Sociales Hoy. Musef. 29. 3. 2007. http:// bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/coedicion/boavent/cap%203.pdf.

47. Shumway, Nicolas. [1991]. The Invention of Argentina. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.

48. Stannard, David E. [1993]. American Holocaust. The Conquest of the New World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

49. Sušová-Salminen, Veronika. [2012]. Rethinking the Idea of Eastern Europe from the Postcolonial Perspective. Coloniality, Eurocentrism, Border Thinking and Europe's Other. In. Alenius, Kari – Fält, Olavi K. (ed.). Vieraan Rajalla. Rovaniemi: Societas Historica Finlandae Septentrionalis, pp. 191–209.

50. Todorov, Tzvetan. [1992]. The Conquest of America: the Question of the Other. New York: HarperPerennial.

51. Wallerstein, Immanuel. [1974]. The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York – London: Academic Press.

52. Wallerstein, Immanuel. [1980]. The Modern World-system II. Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600–1750. New York – London: Academic Press.

53. Wallerstein, Immanuel. [1989]. Modern World System III: The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy, 1730–1840s. San Diego – London: Academic Press.

54. Wallerstein, Immanuel. [2011]. The Modern World-System IV: Centrist Liberalism Triumphant, 1789–1914. Berkeley – Los Angeles: University of California Press.