Interdisciplinary journal focusing primarily on sociological, political science and historical perspectives on the issue of long-term social processes and trends, modernization, globalization tendency and impacts.
The journal creates a broader platform for researches in the historical social sciences. Epistemological field is not strictly bounded, it is also meant to overlap with civilizationalism, cultural sociology and other related fields.
Historical Sociology is Open Access Journal and all published papers are available in the archive section. Open access journal means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
Published by Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press, cooperated with Faculty of Humanities, Charles University in Prague.
Reviewed scientific journal issued twice a year (in June and December).
The journal is abstracted and indexed in CEEOL, CEJSH, DOAJ, EBSCO, Emerging Sources Citation Index, ERIH PLUS, OAJI, recensio.net, Scopus, SSOAR, Ulrichsweb.
The journal is archived in Portico.
HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE, Vol 15 No 1 (2023), 89–104
Od polyarchií k autokraciím: Studium režimních transformací a jeho reflexe
[From Polyarchies to Autocracies: Reflections on the Study of Regime Transformations]
Maxmilián Strmiska, Jaroslav Bílek
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2023.7
published online: 24. 05. 2023
abstract
This essay addresses several pertinent issues of interpretations of processes of autocratization pertaining to two different historical contexts. The authors seek to identify major arguments concerning theoretical backgrounds in the current agendas of research into the transitions from the polyarchic republican city-states to the authoritarian regimes of personal power in the Renaissance Italy and into the contemporary processes of autocratic reversals. The authors strive to show that it is useful to pay thorough attention to varying theoretical challenges characterizing agendas of research into historically diverse regime transitions. In such a way, it is possible to expose and assess limits and directionality of prevailing research programs. This seems important in order to gain new incentives for an advancement of thinking about both contemporary and historical processes of autocratization and to enhance a promising cross-fertilization of the study of regime changes conducted by political science, historical sociology and historiography.
keywords: autocratization; regime change; personal power; polyarchies; hybrid regimes; research programs
references (79)
1. Anria, Santiago [2016]. More Inclusive, Less Liberalism in Bolivia. Journal of Democracy 27 (3): 99-108. CrossRef
2. Artifoni, Enrico [2006]. Repubblicanesimo comunale e democrazia moderna (in margine a Giovanni Villani, IV, 10: "Sapere guidare e reggere la nostra repubblica secondo la politica"). Bollettino Roncioniano 6: 21-33.
3. Ascheri, Mario [1991]. Un invito a discutere di "oligarchia": in margine al governo di Siena nel Tre-Quattrocento. In. Ciani, Antonio - Diurni, Giovanni (ed.). Esercizio del potere e prassi della consultazione. Città del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, s. 263-272.
4. Ascheri, Mario [1996]. Siena dei Nove (1287-1355): un'esperienza politico-istituzionale che può insegnare qualcosa? Accademia dei Rozzi 3 (4): 3-10.
5. Ascheri, Mario [2001]. Beyond the Comune: The Italian City-state and its Inheritance. In. Linehan, Peter - Nelson, Janet L. (ed.). The Medieval World. Abingdon: Routledge, s. 451-468.
6. Ascheri, Mario [2006]. Riconsiderare la civiltà comunale: con Maire Vigueur e oltre. Bollettino Roncioniano 6: 9-20.
7. Baccelli, Luca - Bertelli, Sergio - Milani, Giuliano [2008]. Le città-Stato e l'identità italiana. Archivio Storico Italiano 166 (2): 321-332.
8. Becker, Marvin R. [1960]. Some Aspects of Oligarchical, Dictatorial and Popular Signorie in Florence, 1282-1382. Comparative Studies in Society and History 2 (4): 421-439. CrossRef
9. Bermeo, Nancy [2016]. On Democratic Backsliding. Journal of Democracy 27 (1): 5-19. CrossRef
10. Bertelli, Sergio [1978]. Il potere oligarchico nello stato-città medievale. Firenze: La Nuova Italia.
11. Bílek, Jaroslav [2015]. Hybridní režimy jako svébytná kategorie politických režimů: Komparace vybraných přístupů. Středoevropské politické studie 17 (2): 212-233. CrossRef
12. Blanshei, Sarah Rubin [2010]. Politics and Justice in Late Medieval Bologna. Leiden - Boston: Brill.
13. Boese, Vanessa A. - Lindberg, Staffan I. - Lührmann, Anna [2021]. Waves of autocratization and democratization: a rejoinder. Democratization 28 (6): 1202-1210. CrossRef
14. Boggards, Matthijs [2011]. Where to draw the line? From degree to dichotomy in measures of democracy. Democratization 19 (4): 690-712. CrossRef
15. Boutier, Jean - Sintomer, Yves [2014]. La République de Florence (12e-16e siécle). Enjeux historiques et politiques. Revue française de science politique 64 (6): 1055-1082. CrossRef
16. Brucker, Gene A. [1962]. Florentine Politics and Society, 1343-1378. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
17. Brucker, Gene A. [2001]. "The Horseshoe Nail": Structure and Contingency in Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Renaissance Quarterly 54 (1): 1-19. CrossRef
18. Caciorgna, Maria Teresa [2013]. Alterazione e continuità delle istituzioni comunali in ambito signorile. In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 347-382.
19. Cassani, Andrea - Tomini, Luca [2019a]. Autocratization in post-Cold War Political Regimes. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
20. Cassani, Andrea - Tomini, Luca [2019b]. Post-Cold War autocratization: trends and patterns of regime change opposite of democratization. Italian Political Science Review 49 (2): 121-138. CrossRef
21. Coleman, Edward [1999]. The Italian communes: Recent work and current trends. Journal of Medieval History 25 (4): 373-397. CrossRef
22. Corrales, Javier [2020]. Democratic backsliding through electoral irregularities: The case of Venezuela. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 109: 41-65.
23. Dahl, Robert [1971]. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
24. Diamond, Larry [2002]. Elections Without Democracy: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes. Journal of Democracy 13 (2): 21-35. CrossRef
25. Diamond, Larry [2015]. Facing Up To The Democratic Recession. Journal of Democracy 26 (1): 141-155. CrossRef
26. Dondarini, Rolando - Varanini, Gian Maria - Venticelli, Maria (ed.) [2003]. Signori, regimi signorili e statuti nel tardo Medioevo. Bologna: Patron.
27. Dresden, Jennifer R. - Howard, Marc, M. [2016]. Authoritarian backsliding and the concentration of political power. Democratization 23 (7): 1122-1143. CrossRef
28. Fantoni, Marcello [2020a]. Conclusions. In. Ricciardelli, Fabrizio - Fantoni, Marcello (ed.). Republicanism: A Theoretical and Historical Perspective. Roma: Viella, 307-312.
29. Fantoni, Marcello [2020b]. Courts and Republics in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy. In. Ricciardelli, Fabrizio - Fantoni, Marcello (ed.). Republicanism: A Theoretical and Historical Perspective. Roma: Viella, s. 175-220.
30. Fishman, Robert M. [1990]. Rethinking State and Regime: Southern Europe's Transition to Democracy. World Politics 42 (3): 422-440. CrossRef
31. Francesconi, Giampaolo [2013]. I signori, quale potere? Tempi e forme di un'esperienza politica "costituzionale" e "rivoluzionaria". In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 327-346.
32. Gilbert, Leah - Mohseni, Payam [2011]. Beyond Authoritarianism: The Conceptualization of Hybrid Regimes. Studies in Comparative International Development 46: 270-297. CrossRef
33. Glasius, Marlies [2018]. What authoritarianism is … and is not: a practice perspective. International Affairs 94 (3): 515-533. CrossRef
34. Jones, Phillip [1965]. Communes and Despots: The City State in Late-Medieval Italy. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 15: 71-96. CrossRef
35. Kuhn, Thomas [2008]. Struktura vědeckých revolucí. Praha: Oikumene.
36. Lakatos, Imre [1989]. The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Philosophical Papers I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Law, John E. - Paton, Bernadette [2010]. Introduction. In. Law, John E. - Paton, Bernadette (ed.). Communes and Despots in Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Farnham: Ashgate, XV-XVII.
38. Levitsky, Steven - Way, Lucan A. [2010]. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Levitsky, Steven - Way, Lucan [2015]. The Myth of Democratic Recession. Journal of Democracy 26 (1): 45-58. CrossRef
40. Lidén, Gustav [2014]. Theories of Dictatorships: Sub-Types and Explanations. Studies of Transition States and Societies 6 (1): 50-67.
41. Lührmann, Anna - Grahn, Sandra, et al. [2019]. State of the world 2018: democracy facing global challenges autocratization and exclusion? Democratization 26 (6): 895-915. CrossRef
42. Lührmann, Anna - Lindberg, Staffan I. [2019]. A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it? Democratization 26 (7): 1095-1113. CrossRef
43. Lührmann, Anna - Mechkova, Valeriya, et al. [2018]. State of the world 2017: autocratization and exclusion? Democratization 25 (8): 1321-1340. CrossRef
44. Luongo, Alberto [2011]. Istituzioni comunali e forme di governo personale ad Alessandria nel XIII secolo. Reti Medievali Rivista 12 (2): 215-249.
45. Magyar, Bálint - Madlovics, Bálint [2020]. The Anatomy of Post-Communist Regimes: A Conceptual Framework. Budapest - New York: Central European University Press.
46. Mainwaring, Scott [2012]. From Representative Democracy to Participatory Competitive Authoritarianism: Hugo Chávez and Venezuelan Politics. Perspectives on Politics 10 (4): 944-967. CrossRef
47. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude [2013]. Comuni e signorie nelle province dello Stato della Chiesa. In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 105-172.
48. Milani, Giuliano [2006]. Partecipare al comune: inclusione, esclusione, democrazia. Bollettino Roncioniano 6: 35-49.
49. Mineo, E. Igor. [1998]. Alle origini dell'Italia di antico regime. In. Manuale di storia (Storia medievale). Roma: Donzelli Editore, s. 617-652.
50. Mineo, E. Igor [2013]. "Necessità della tirannide". Governo autoritario e ideologia della comunità nella prima metà del Trecento. In. Zorzi, Andrea (ed.). Tiranni e tirannide nel Trecento italiano. Roma: Viella, s. 59-75.
51. Najemy, John M. [1982]. Corporatism and Consensus in Florentine Electoral Politics 1280-1400. Chapell Hill: University of North Caroline Press.
52. Poloni, Alma [2012]. Il comune di popolo e le sue istituzioni tra Due e Trecento. Alcune riflessioni a partire dalla storiografia dell'ultimo quindicenio. Reti Medievali Rivista 13 (1): 3-27.
53. Poloni, Alma [2013]. Forme di leadership e progetti di affermazione personale nei maggiori comuni di popolo. In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 303-325.
54. Rao, Riccardo [2007]. Il sistema politico pavese durante la signoria dei Beccaria (1315-1356): "élite" e pluralismo. Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Moyen-Age 119 (1): 151-187. CrossRef
55. Rao, Riccardo [2012]. Signori di Popolo. Signoria cittadina e società comunale nell'Italia nord-occidentale 1275-1350. Milano: Franco Angeli.
56. Rao, Riccardo [2013]. Le signorie di popolo. In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 173-189.
57. Ricciardelli, Fabrizio [2020]. The Italian City-States and the Roots of Democracy. In. Ricciardelli, Fabrizio - Fantoni, Marcello (ed.). Republicanism: A Theoretical and Historical Perspective. Roma: Viella, s. 109-128.
58. Rubinstein, Nicolai [2004]. Studies in Italian History in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. I. Political Thought and the Language of Politics. Art and Politics. Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
59. Shaw, Christine [2006]. Popular Government and Oligarchy in Renaissance Italy. Leiden: Brill.
60. Skaaning, Svend-Erik [2020]. Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement. Democratization 27 (8): 1533-1542. CrossRef
61. Schedler, Andreas [2002]. Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation. Journal of Democracy 13 (2): 36-50. CrossRef
62. Taddei, Gabriele [2013]. Le forme del governo personale e signorile sulle citta e sui territori sottoposti. In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 465-478.
63. Tanzini, Lorenzo [2014]. A consiglio. La vita politica nell'Italia dei comuni. Roma - Bari: Laterza.
64. Tilly, Charles [1995]. Democracy is a Lake. In. Andrews, George Reid - Chapman, Herrick (ed.). The Social Construction of Democracy, 1870-1990. Basingstoke: Macmillan, New York University Press, s. 365-387. CrossRef
65. Vallerani, Massimo [1994]. La città e le sue istituzioni. Ceti dirigenti, oligarchia e politica nella medievistica italiana del Novecento. Annali dell'Istituto storico italo-germanico in Trento 20: 165-230.
66. Vallerani, Massimo [1997]. Modelli di comune e modelli di stato nella medievistica italiana tra Otto e Novecento. Scienza e Politica 9 (17): 65-86.
67. Vallerani, Massimo (ed.) [2010]. Tecniche di potere nel tardo medioevo. Regimi comunali e signorie in Italia. Roma: Viella.
68. Vallerani, Massimo [2013]. Comune e comuni: una dialettica non risolta. In. Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude (ed.). Signorie cittadine nell'Italia comunale. Roma: Viella, s. 9-34.
69. Vallerani, Massimo [2019]. "La democrazia che ha per ventre la tirannia". Il comune e la democrazia nella storiografia tra Otto e Novecento. Storia del Pensiero Politico 8 (3): 367-392.
70. Waley, Daniel - Dean, Trevor [2013]. The Italian City-Republics. London: Routledge.
71. Weinstein, Donald [2002]. Introduction. In. Becker, Marvin R. - Banker, James - Lansign, Carol (ed.). Florentine Essays: Selected Writings of Marvin R. Becker. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, s. 1-10.
72. Wigell, Mikael [2008]. Mapping "Hybrid Regimes": Regime Types and Concepts in Comparative Politics. Democratization 15 (2): 230-250. CrossRef
73. Zorzi, Andrea [2008]. "Fracta est civica magna in tres partes". Conflitto e costituzione nell'Italia comunale. Scienza & politica 20 (39): 61-87.
74. Zorzi, Andrea [2010]. Le signorie cittadine in Italia (secoli XIII-XV). Milano: Mondadori.
75. Zorzi, Andrea [2012]. Un problema storico non esaurito: le signorie cittadine. Rileggendo Ernesto Sestan. In. Balestracci, Duccio, et al. (ed.). Uomini paesaggi storie. Studi di storia medievale per Giovanni Cherubini. Siena: Salvietti e Barabuffi Editori, s. 1247-1264.
76. Zorzi, Andrea [2013a]. Toscana, terra anche di signori. In. Zorzi, Andrea (ed.). Le signorie cittadine in Toscana. Esperienze di potere e forme di governo personale (secoli XIII-XV). Roma: Viella, s. 7-18.
77. Zorzi, Andrea [2013b]. Un segno della "mutazione signorile": l'arroccamento urbano. In. Boucheron, Patrick - Genet, Jean-Philippe (ed.). Marquer la ville: signes, traces, empreintes du poivoir (XIIIe-XVIe siécle). Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, s. 23-40. CrossRef
78. Zorzi, Andrea [2013c]. Premessa. In. Zorzi, Andrea (ed.). Tiranni e tirannide nel Trecento italiano. Roma: Viella, s. 7-9.
79. Zorzi, Andrea [2020]. Le declinazioni della libertà nelle città comunali e signorili italiane (secoli XII-XIV). In. Zorzi, Andrea (ed.). La libertà nelle città comunali e signorili italiane. Roma: Viella, s. 11-76.
Od polyarchií k autokraciím: Studium režimních transformací a jeho reflexe is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
230 x 157 mm
periodicity: 2 x per year
print price: 120 czk
ISSN: 1804-0616
E-ISSN: 2336-3525
