Sportovní genomika: genetické determinanty pohybové činnosti

Physical fitness is a complex phenotype which is affected by many environmental and genetic factors. Most past works therefore assume a substantial share of heritability in the different features of the sports phenotype. The dynamic development of modern technologies over the past decade facilitates the study of the molecular-genetic basis of the phenotype variability, including the genetic conditioning of physical fitness and sport performance. Despite the intensive efforts of many research teams, relatively little is still known about the genetic background of sport talent as the examined variants of candidate genes can potentially explain partial components of performance only to a very small extent. Sports genomics however should not primarily focus on the deterministic definition of genetic talent of individuals towards sports performance (talent identification), but should instead focus on the individualization of the training process and other associated factors of the lifestyle. In order to truly understand the correspondence of common genetic polymorphisms to a phenotype, it is necessary to integrate information on lifestyle and conditions with health indicator data and genotypic data. This can only be achieved through the new bio-information technologies, mobile and user-friendly monitors of physical functions and, primarily, through a continuous sharing of data through an available and fast internet.